Abstract: Based on the field investigation data and related literatures, this pa per analyzed the ecological issues in the breeding and utilization of highly col d-resistant and high-yielding rubber germplasm in Xishuangbanna, and the loss risk of this germplasm. The rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna had built a cycle pa ttern of establishing rubber nursery and managing rubber plantations to develop the local rubber industry, but the unlimited utilization of this germplasm made the rubber plantations expand to the highland with an elevation of 1300 m, resul ting in the ecological issues such as the destruction of natural forests and spec ies, decline of soil fertility, regional drought, rubber diseases and insect pes ts, and human-elephant conflicts. This germplsm and its intellectual property w ere under transnational loss without any control, making even more potential eco logical and economic risks. Great attentions should be paid by the related organ izations to take effective measures to conserve this germplsm resource to reduce its potential risks.

Key words: winter wheat with strong gluten, irrigation, grain yield, grain quality, glutenin macropolymer (GMP).