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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 837-846.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.027

• Original Articles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Multifunctionality of urban forest landscapes and their trade-offs and synergies

GUO Yujie1,2, REN Zhi-bin3,4, HE Xingyuan1,2,4,5*   

  1. 1Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Aca-demy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    3Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
    4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    5Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
  • Received:2024-10-13 Accepted:2025-01-09 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-05-15

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Abstract: The assessment of the multifunctionality of urban forest landscapes is crucial for decision-making regar-ding landscaple allocation, optimization, and planning. Due to the high fragmentation and heterogeneity, it is a great challenge to scientifically evaluate the multifunctionality of urban forests and trade-offs/synergies. With Changchun City as the study area, we used plot surveys and remote sensing data to construct a model for estimating urban forest ecological functions. A multifunctional evaluation framework was proposed, which comprehensively considered both the quality and quantity of functions to quantitatively characterize the spatial patterns of multifunctionality and their trade-offs/synergies. The results showed that the annual carbon sequestration of urban forests in Changchun's built-up areas reached 36.78 t, with an average cooling effect of 0.96 ℃, an annual removal of PM2.5 reaching 527.52 t, and a recreational capacity of 50.08 people·m-2. Compared to the downtown, the suburban forests were stronger in carbon sequestration, air purification, and recreational functions, displaying a spatial distribution pattern that was lower in the interior and higher along the periphery. There was a significant trade-off between recreational functions and carbon sequestration and cooling functions, while carbon sequestration showed strong synergies with air purification and cooling functions. As urbanization varied, the trade-offs/synergies among functions displayed spatial heterogeneity, with carbon sequestration and cooling functions showing synergies in the city center and weak trade-offs in the suburbs. The multifunctionality of urban forest landscapes in Changchun performed optimally when the threshold was 25%, with high-value areas concentrated in the city's outer ring, exhibiting a stronger west and weaker east pattern. The multifunctionality generally increased from the 1st ring road (1.61) to the 5th ring road (2.01). Our results provide a scientific foundation for the planning and management of urban forest landscapes in Changchun, contribute to the optimization of urban forest multifunctionality, and promote sustainable urban development.

Key words: landscape function, ecosystem service, multifunctionality, threshold method, trade-offs/synergies