Abstract: Under the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, promoting the sustainable low-carbon development of agriculture has become an important part in the construction of a strong agricultural country and the moder-nization of harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Focusing on the core issue of agricultural sustainable low-carbon development, we systematically analyzed the basic connotations, current problems, and main characte-ristics. Based on a three-dimensional framework of “region-type-model”, we constructed sustainable low-carbon development models for agriculture in different ecological regions in China, including the Northeast Black Soil Region, North China Plain, Middle and Lower Yangtze Rice-Growing Region, Northwest Arid and Semi-arid Region, and Southwest Mountainous Region. Finally, addressing the challenges such as the difficulty in implementing low-carbon technologies, limited funding channels, insufficient policy coordination, and weak awareness among operational entities, we proposed institutional guarantees and policy recommendations from the perspectives of technological innovation, financing mechanisms, institutional design, and talent cultivation, aiming to accelerate the sustainable low-carbon development of agriculture.

Key words: agricultural sustainable low-carbon development, connotation representation, regional differentiation model, institutional guarantee