Effects of biochar application combined with different amendments on organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and oat yield in saline-alkali soil

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.016

Abstract

Abstract: Investigating the effects of biochar application combined with different amendments on soil organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and forage oat yield in the saline-alkali soil of the Qaidam Basin can provide a basis for saline-alkali soil improvement and productivity enhancement. We conducted a field experiment following randomized block design in Xuji Township, Delingha City, Qinghai Province, in 2024. There were four treatments, including biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2(T₁), biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+microalgae nutrient solution 20 L·hm^-2(T₂), biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+fulvic acid 1500 kg·hm^-2(T₃), and biochar 7500 kg·hm^-2+organic fertilizer 10000 kg·hm^-2(T₄), with a control treatment (CK) with no biochar or amendments. We analyzed the changes of soil organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and oat yield, identified key influencing factors and pathways using Mantel tests and random forest modeling. The results showed that all treatments increased soil organic carbon fractions, improved soil structure, and promoted yield. Among them, T₄ exhibited the best performance. T₄ significantly increased soil organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and easily oxidizable organic carbon by 127.4%, 76.3%, 375.8%, 63.2%, and 208.2%, respectively. The proportion of macroaggregates was increased by 50%, and the mean weight diameter and geometric mean dia-meter were significantly increased by 28.6% and 26.2%, respectively. T₃ showed the most significant yield-promoting effect, increasing fresh forage yield and hay yield by 63.5% and 64.7%, respectively. The mantel tests and random forest analysis revealed that light fraction organic carbon and geometric mean diameter were the key soil factors jointly driving oat growth and yield formation. Different treatments exhibited distinct advantages. T₄ was recommended for soil carbon sequestration and structure improvement, while T₃ was preferred for maximizing yield. Accordingly, amendment combinations should be optimized based on improvement and yield increase targets.

Key words: biochar, saline-alkali soil, organic carbon fraction, aggregate stability, oat yield

SUN Yi, WANG Teng, WANG Jiezhong, KANG Hao, ZHAO Wenbin, WANG Jingui. Effects of biochar application combined with different amendments on organic carbon fractions, aggregate stability, and oat yield in saline-alkali soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1955-1964.

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