Abstract: Owing to the anthropogenic disturbance, the natural habitats on Zhoushan Island, whose area occupies 56.3% of the total, are disappeared. They are fragmented into many fragments and their quality is greatly changed. Just for these, and over-hunting, 5 species of mammals are extincted and 3 species of them are going to extinction, the extinction rate being higher than that on the continent closed by. Population growth is the main cause of the disappearance. fragmentation and quality descending of natural habitats and the extinction of mammal species. Some countermeasures and their principles for conserving natural habitats and species diversity are discussed in this paper.

Key words: Natural habitat, Mammals, Species diversity, Species extinction, Bothriochloa ischaemum, elevated CO₂ concentration, PLFA., drought, rhizosphere effect