Forest fire spread modeling and 3D visualization in virtual forest landscape

Abstract

Abstract: The traditional method for simulating the behaviors of forest fire is to use a single ellipse to represent all of the fire points in fire scene,which has many disadvantages,e.g.,the simulated result is quite different to the real situation,and it is mainly based on 2D.As a result,the represented information is limited.In this paper,the most widely used Rothermel fire spreading model and the principal of Huygen were adopted to simulate the behaviors of forest fire in different position and wind direction,and the results were shown by pseudo-particle system in 3D,which could not only get the area of fire suffering,the direction of fire spreading and the size of fire,but also provide realistic simulation to observers.The method has been successfully applied to Zhangpu forest in Fujian Province.

Key words: Virtual forest landscape, Forest fire spreading, Forest fire model, Particle system, 3D visualization

CLC Number:

S127
S762

LI Jianwei, CHEN Chongcheng, YU Qizhi, PAN Zhigeng . Forest fire spread modeling and 3D visualization in virtual forest landscape[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(5): 838-842.

References

[1] Alexander ME. 1985. Estimating the length to breadth ratio of elliptical forest fire patterns. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology Society of American Foresters. Bethesda, Maryland. 287～304
[2] Anderson HE. 1983. Predicting wind-driven wildland fire size and shape. USDA:Forest Service Research Paper. INT-305
[3] Bowden K. 1998. Huygens' principle, physics and computers. Int J General Syst, 27(1 ～3) :9～32
[4] Clarke KC, Brass JA, Riggan PJ. 1994. A cellular automaton model of wildfire propagation and extinction. Photogra Eng Remote Sensing, 60(11):1355～1367
[5] Du F(杜飞),Hou Z-Z(侯遵泽),Liu J-Q(刘家琦).2002.Method of ground fire boundaries spread modeling and computer simulation. Fire Safety Sci(火灾科学), 10 (4):204 ～208 (in Chinese)
[6] Finney MA. 1998. Farsite:Fire area simulator-model development and evaluation. USDA Forest Service. Res Pap RMRSRP-4.
[7] Guo P(郭平),Sun G(孙刚),Zhou D-W(周道玮),et al.2000. Study on fire behavior in grassland. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 12(5) :746～748(in Chinese)
[8] Hanson HP, Bradley MM, Bossert JE, et al. 2000. The potential and promise of physics-based wirefire simulation. Environ Sci Policy,3:161～172
[9] Hargrov WW, Gardner RH, Turner MG, et al. 2000. Simulating fire patterns in heterogeneous landscapes. Ecol Mod, 135:243～263
[10] Karafyllidis I, Thanailakis A. 1997. A model for predicting forest fire spreading using cellular automata. Ecol Model, 99 (1):87 ～97
[11] Karafyllidis I. 2004. Design of a dedicated parallel processor for the prediction of forest fire spreading using cellular automata and genetic algorithms. Eng Appl Artif Intell, 17(1) :19～36
[12] King SA, Crawfis RA, Reid W. 1999. "Fast Animation of Amorphous and Gaseous Phenomena". Volume Graphics ' 99, Swansea,Wales. 333 ～346
[13] Kourtz P,O'Regan WG. 1971.A model for a small forest fire to simulate burned and burning areas for use in a detection model. For Sci, 17(2):163～169
[14] Li Y-Z(李玉中), Zhu T-C(祝廷成), Li J-D(李建东), et al.2003. Effect of prescribed burning on grassland nitrogen gross mineralization and nitrification. Chin J A ppl Ecol (应用生态学报), 14(2) :223～226(in Chinese)
[15] Muzy A, Wainer G. 2002. Comparing simulation methods for fire spreading across a fuel bed. In:Barros FJ, Giambiasi N, eds. Proceedings of AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems. AIS' 2002, 219-224. Lisbon, Portugal.
[16] Nelson RM. 2002. An effective wind speed for models of fire spread. Int J Wildl Fire, 11:153 ～161
[17] Nguyen DQ, Fedkiw RP, Jensen HW. 2002. Physically based modeling and animation of fire. ACM Trans Graph, 21(3) :721～728
[18] Oswald BP. 1999. Classifying fuels with aerial photography in east texas. Int J Wildland Fire, 9(2):109 ～113
[19] Pastor E, Zarate L, Planas E, et al. 2003. Mathematical models and calculation systems for the study of wildland fire behaviour. Prog Energy Comb Sci, 29(2):139～153
[20] Paz C, Fuentes F, Garcia S. 2001. Numerical simulation of forest fire. In:Maron DM, eds. International Symposium on Multi-Phase Flow and Transport Phenomena. Maron DM. 505 ～512
[21] Perlin K. 1985. An image synthesizer. Computer Graph, 19 (3):287 ～296
[22] Reeves WT. 1983. Particle Systems - A technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects. Computer Graph, 17(3) :359～376
[23] Rothermel RC. 1972. A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels. USDA:Forest Service Research Paper.INT-115
[24] Rothermel RC. 1983. How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires USDA Forest Service. General Technical Report, INT-143.
[25] Sandberg DV, Ottmar RD, Cushon GH. 2001. Characterizing fuels in the 21st Century. Int J Wildland Fire, 10:381～387
[26] Tang X-Y(唐晓燕), Yu M-Y(孟宪宇), Ge H-L(葛宏立), et al.2003. Research on forest fire spreading simulation based on raster structure and its realization. J Beijing For Univ(北京林业大学学报), 25(1) :53～57(in Chinese)
[27] Van Wagner CE. 1969. A simple fire growth model. For Chron,45:103 ～104
[28] Wang Q-L (王庆礼), Xu C-G(徐崇刚), Hu Y-M(胡远满), et al.2004. Dynamics of forest landscape boundary at Changbai Mountain. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 15(1):15～21(in Chinese)
[29] Wei X, Li W, Mueller K, et al. 2002. Simulating Fire with Texture Splats. 13th IEEE Visualization 2002 Conference. 227～234