Abstract: Rhizobox soil microcosms studies on the colonization, dispersal and nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii HN01DL marked with luxAB gene in Glycine max rhizosphere showed that the colonization dynamics and the density of HN01DL in non-sterilized rhizobox-soil microcosms were different from those in sterilized rhizobox soil microcosms. The colonization density of the former reached the maximum (8.65 log cfu·g^-1 root)12 days after the coated seeds planted,and that of the latter decreased rapidly at the early stage and achieved the maximum (6.88 log cfu·g^-1 root)15 days afterwards. Furthermore, the colonization density of HN01DL reached the maximum (7.05 log cfu·g^-1 root) in section A (0～4 cm) of root system 5 days after seeds planted,decreased slowly and kept a relative stable level until 19 days, and began to rise up again33 days afterwards.The strain could also disperse to the place of 16 cm from seed to root tip by 46 days after seed planted. HN01DL maintained a constantly higher colonization density level in section A of root system, formed the largest number of luminescent nodules (total 16.3, dominantly located in main root of section A),and had the highest luminescent percentage (68.8 %). The luminescent nodule percentage decreased gradually along section Ato Eof root system,and no luminescent nodule was detected in section Eof root system.