Abstract: Based on the theories of landscape ecology, the landscape eco-environment in the watershed of Erlong Mountain reservoir in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed and assessed using GIStechnique and statistical model of principal component analysis and spatial cluster analysis. It was found that 100.08km²(36%)of total area was in good state,85.73 km²(31%) was in general state,and 47.26 km²(17%) and 15.48 km²(16%) was in relative poor and ideal states,respectively.According to the landscape ecological structure,three landscape functional areas were designed as agricultural area,the developmental direction of which was eco-agriculture,tour agriculture and high-benefit agriculture;eco-environment protection area,the development direction of which was develop soil and water conservation forest; and area for increasing vegetation cover,the developmental direction of which was rational cut and utilization of forest resources, spatial optimization disposal of forest type, and protection of wildwood.