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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 2793-2803.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.031

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南海北部近海头足类优势种及其生态位特征

蔡研聪1,2, 孙铭帅1, 许友伟1, 李佳俊1, 黄梓荣1, 陈作志1,3*, 杨长平1, 刘维达1, 张衡2   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室, 广州 510300;
    2中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所/农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室, 上海 200090;
    3南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室广州, 广州 511458
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-31 修回日期:2020-04-27 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2021-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zzchen2000@163.com
  • 作者简介:蔡研聪, 男, 1988年生, 博士研究生。主要从事渔业资源评估和海洋遥感研究。E-mail: onion-20062006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019HY-XKQ03)、农业农村部财政专项“南海北部近海渔业资源调查”(2014-2018)、省级促进海洋经济发展专项(GDME-2018E004)、南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605)、热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所)开放课题(LTO1805)、广东省促进经济高质量发展专项资金海洋经济发展项目[GDOE(2019)A23]和海南省自然科学基金项目(319QN337)资助

Dominant species of cephalopods and their niche characteristics in offshore of northern South China Sea

CAI Yan-cong1,2, SUN Ming-shuai1, XU You-wei1, LI Jia-jun1, HUANG Zi-rong1, CHEN Zuo-zhi1, 3*, YANG Chang-ping1, LIU Wei-da1, ZHANG Heng2   

  1. 1South China Sea Fishe-ries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China;
    2East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, China;
    3Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou 511458, China
  • Received:2019-10-31 Revised:2020-04-27 Online:2020-08-15 Published:2021-02-15
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS (2019HY-XKQ03), Financial Fund of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Survey of Fishery Resources in Offshore Northern South China Sea (2014-2018), Special Funds for Economic Development of Marine Economy of Guangdong Province (GDME-2018E004), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0605), the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (LTO1805), Guangdong Marine Economy Promotion Projects Fund [GDOE(2019) A23], and Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (319QN337).

摘要: 为了解南海北部近海头足类优势种的种间关系,根据2014—2015年该海域4个季节底拖网渔业资源调查,应用相对重要性指数、生态位宽度和重叠指数从时空维度分析头足类优势种的生态位特征。结果表明: 该海域4个季节的头足类优势种共5种,分别为剑尖枪乌贼、中国枪乌贼、火枪乌贼、金乌贼和杜氏枪乌贼,前两种是4个季节的共同优势种。与历史数据相比,头足类优势种的种类组成已发生改变。头足类资源时空分布格局明显,海南岛南部至粤东海域资源密度高于北部湾,季节变化呈夏季高而冬季低特征。时空生态位分析表明,优势种的时间和空间生态位宽度没有一致位序,剑尖枪乌贼和中国枪乌贼分别占据最大的时间(1.32)和空间生态位宽度(3.90),而时间和空间生态位宽度最小的物种分别是金乌贼(0.98)和杜氏枪乌贼(2.04)。虽然时间生态位重叠在数值上显著高于空间生态位重叠,但二者均是在中国枪乌贼、剑尖枪乌贼、火枪乌贼等种对间有较高重叠,而杜氏枪乌贼与其余4个优势种的重叠较低。相关分析表明,在时空尺度上生态位宽度与丰度的变化均呈极显著负相关。生态位可反映物种资源量时空变化信息,丰富了传统渔业群落研究方法。

关键词: 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠, 时空维度, 头足类

Abstract: To understand the relationships among dominant species of cephalopods in offshore nor-thern South China Sea, we examined the niche characteristics of these dominant species from both spatial and temporal dimensions using the index of relative importance (IRI), the niche breadth and overlap indices based on fishery resources data from the bottom-trawl survey for four seasons during 2014-2015. The results showed that five dominant species of cephalopods were recorded for four seasons, including Loligo edulis, L. chinensis, L. beka, Sepia esculenta, and L. duvaucelii. The first two species were shared by all seasons. Compared with historical data, the composition of dominant cephalopods species had changed. The cephalopods resource exhibited obvious temporal and spatial variations. Stock density was higher in the sea area extending from the southern Hainan Island to eastern Guangdong Province than that in Beibu Gulf. The seasonal variation was characte-rized by the largest in summer but the smallest in winter. The temporal and spatial niche analysis showed that there was inconsistent in the order between temporal and spatial niche breadths for domi-nant species. L. edulis (1.32) and L. chinensis (3.90) occupied the largest temporal and spatial niche breadths, respectively. The smallest of temporal and spatial niche breadths were shown for S. esculenta (0.98) and L. duvaucelii (2.04), respectively. Though the temporal niche overlap was numerically larger than the spatial niche overlap, both of them had higher values in interspecies among L. edulis, L. chinensis, L. beka, and the lower overlap for the species pairs between L. duvaucelii and other species. The result of correlation analysis suggested that niche breadth exhibited a significant negative correlation with variation in abundance on both temporal and spatial scales. The ecological niche could reflect the tempo-spatial changes of species resource, which enriched the traditional methods of fishery communities.

Key words: niche breadth, niche overlap, time-space dimension, cephalopods