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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 2903-2910.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.019

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生物质炭添加对喀斯特地区坡耕地黄壤水分入渗过程的影响

毛天旭1*, 屠丹1, 刘曼曼1, 董小转1, 赵庆霞2   

  1. 1贵州大学林学院, 贵阳 550025;
    2贵州大学新农村发展研究院, 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-16 接受日期:2020-07-10 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: maotianxu0214@163.com
  • 作者简介:毛天旭, 男, 1984年生, 副教授。主要从事生态水文与土壤物理学研究。E-mail: maotianxu0214@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Y177,黔科合LH字[2017]7277号)、贵州大学人才引进项目(贵大人基合字[2016]21号)和贵州省生态学国内一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]007)资助

Effects of biochar addition on soil moisture infiltration process of the yellow soil in Karst area

MAO Tian-xu1*, TU Dan1, LIU Man-man1, DONG Xiao-zhuan1, ZHAO Qing-xia2   

  1. 1College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
    2Institute of New Rural Development, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • Received:2020-05-16 Accepted:2020-07-10 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2021-03-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: maotianxu0214@163.com
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province (QKHJC[2020]1Y177, QKHLH[2017]7277), the Talent Introduction Fund of Guizhou University (GDRJHZ[2016]21) and the Top Discipline Construction Project of Guizhou Province (GNYL[2017]007).

摘要: 为探究生物质炭添加对喀斯特地区土壤水分入渗特性的影响,本研究以坡耕地黄壤为对象,采用室内土柱模拟的方法,研究不同添加量(质量分数为0、1%和2%)和不同粒径(粒径大小为<0.25、0.25~1和>1 mm)生物质炭添加下土壤水分累计入渗量、入渗速率及湿润锋进程的变化特征,并对入渗过程进行模拟。结果表明: 在定容重条件下,添加生物质炭后土壤的入渗过程明显受到抑制,添加生物质炭土壤的累计入渗量和入渗速率显著低于未添加生物质炭土壤,生物质炭添加量为1%和2%土壤的累计入渗量和入渗速率无显著差异。不同粒径生物质炭添加下,土壤累计入渗量从大到小依次表现为<0.25、0.25~1和>1 mm。与CK相比,当添加量为1%时,土壤300 min累计入渗量分别下降20.9%、35.2%和45.0%;当添加量为2%时,分别下降21.5%、37.5%和44.2%,说明大粒径生物质炭对土壤入渗的抑制作用显著强于小粒径生物质炭。土壤湿润锋进程对不同含量和不同粒径生物质炭添加的响应趋势与累计入渗量的变化趋势基本一致。Horton和Kostiakov模型能够用于模拟本研究中的土壤水分入渗过程,Horton模型拟合精度高,R2最大(0.91~0.98),均方根误差(RMSE)最小(0.14~0.21),而Kostiakov模型拟合得到的初始入渗速率更接近实测结果。研究结果可为生物质炭的合理施用提供科学依据,也可为喀斯特坡耕地土壤改良和水土保持提供有益参考。

关键词: 喀斯特地区, 黄壤, 生物质炭, 累计入渗量, 入渗速率, 入渗模型

Abstract: To investigate the effects of biochar addition on soil moisture infiltration characteristics of sloping farmland in Karst area, we used soil column simulation to study the variation characteristics of cumulative infiltration volume, infiltration rate, and wetting peak process under the different biochar addition amount (0, 1% and 2%) and different particle sizes (<0.25, 0.25-1 and >1 mm), and simulated the infiltration process in yellow soil on slope farmland. The results showed that soil infiltration process after biochar addition was significantly inhibited under the condition of constant bulk density. The cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate under biochar addition were significantly lower than those without biochar addition. There was no significant difference in the cumulative infiltration amount and infiltration rate of the soil with 1% and 2% biochar addition. The cumulative infiltration amount of the soil with different particle sizes followed an order of <0.25, 0.25-1 and > 1 mm after biochar addition. When the addition amount was 1%, the cumulative infiltration amount of 300 min had decreased by 20.9%, 35.2% and 45.0% compared with CK. When the addition amount was 2%, the decrease rate was 21.5%, 37.5% and 44.2%, indicating that the inhibition effect of large particle size biochar on soil infiltration being stronger than that of small particle size biochar. The change trend of soil wetting peak process to biochar addition of different contents and different particle sizes was consistent with the change trend of cumulative infiltration volume. Horton model and Kostiakov model could be used to simulate soil moisture infiltration process. The Horton model had higher fitting accuracy, the largest R2 (between 0.91 and 0.98), and the smallest RMSE (between 0.14 and 0.21). The initial infiltration rate obtained by Kostiakov model was closer to the measured result. Our results could provide scientific basis for the rational application of biochar and provide a useful reference for soil improvement and soil and water conservation in slope farmland of Karst area.

Key words: Karst area, yellow soil, biochar, cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate, infiltration model