全膜微垄沟穴播对春小麦土壤水热环境的影响及其光合和产量效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 3005-3014.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.023

全膜微垄沟穴播对春小麦土壤水热环境的影响及其光合和产量效应

侯慧芝, 张绪成^*, 尹嘉德, 方彦杰, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁

甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2020-01-28 接受日期:2020-06-16 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
作者简介:侯慧芝, 女, 1980年生, 博士研究生。主要从事旱地农业及农业生态研究。E-mail: houhuizhi666@163.com
基金资助:
甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2020GAAS32)、国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200403)和国家自然科学基金项目(31560355)资助

Effects of micro-ridge-furrow with plastic mulching and bunching seeding on soil hydrothermal environment and its response to photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheat

HOU Hui-zhi, ZHANG Xu-cheng^*, YIN Jia-de, FANG Yan-jie, WANG Hong-li, MA Yi-fan, ZHANG Guo-ping, LEI Kang-ning

Institute of Dry Land Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-01-28 Accepted:2020-06-16 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2021-03-15
Contact: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
Supported by:
the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2020GAAS32), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200403) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560355).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 减弱春季寒旱生境限制是提高甘肃中东部旱地春小麦产量的关键要素之一。本研究于2016—2018年在甘肃中部半干旱旱作区开展大田试验,以‘陇春35号’为供试品种,设置全膜微垄沟穴播(PRF)、全膜覆土穴播(PMS)和露地穴播(CK)3个处理,测定春小麦不同生育期0～300 cm土层的土壤含水量、0～25 cm土壤温度、叶片生物量、叶片叶绿素(SPAD)、光合速率、蒸腾速率和作物产量,从土壤水热-冠层发育-产量角度揭示PRF处理对土壤水热环境、水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的影响。结果表明: 与CK相比,PRF和PMS处理0～25 cm土层的土壤温度在苗期分别提高2.8和2.5 ℃,灌浆-成熟期分别降低1.4和0.9 ℃;0～300 cm土壤贮水量在播前-苗期分别增加59.7和41.8 mm;0～300 cm耗水量在苗期-灌浆期分别提高46.1和39.8 mm。与PMS处理相比,PRF处理的小麦苗期温度提高0.3 ℃,灌浆-成熟期降低0.5 ℃;播前-苗期0～300 cm土壤贮水量增加18.0 mm,拔节-成熟期耗水量提高13.0 mm。基于对土壤水热条件的优化,PRF和PMS处理的叶片生物量、SPAD值、苗期-灌浆期叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率均显著高于CK,且PRF处理均显著高于PMS处理。PRF处理比PMS处理和CK分别增产9.1%和36.5%,WUE分别提高5.9%和30.8%。因此,PRF处理能提高苗期地温,降低灌浆-成熟期地温,促进春小麦苗期-灌浆期的耗水,提高了春小麦叶片SPAD值和生物量,增强春小麦苗期-灌浆期旗叶的光合功能,从而实现增产和水分高效利用,而且这一优势在欠水年份(2016和2017年)更加明显。

关键词: 甘肃中部, 旱地, 全膜微垄沟播, 春小麦, 抗旱, 耐寒

Abstract: The relieving of drought and cold restriction on spring wheat development is one of the key factors increasing wheat yield in arid areas of central Gansu Province. A field experiment with spring wheat (Longchun No. 35) was carried out in central Gansu Province from 2016 to 2018. There were three treatments: 1) micro-ridge-furrow with whole field plastic mulching and bunching seeding (PRF), 2) whole field soil plastic mulching and bunching seeding (PMS), 3) bunching seeding without mulching (CK). We measured soil temperature in 0-25 cm profile, soil water content in 0-300 cm profile, leaf SPAD, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, aboveground biomass in different growth stages, and grain yield to understand the effect of PRF on soil hydrothermal environment, spring wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE) from the aspect of soil hydrothermal, canopy development and grain yield. The results showed that mean soil temperature in 0-25 cm profile of PRF and PMS increased by 2.8 ℃ and 2.5 ℃ at the seedling stage, decreased by 1.4 ℃ and 0.9 ℃ from filling to maturity stage, respectively. Soil water storage in 0-300 cm profile of PRF and PMS increased by 59.7 mm and 41.8 mm from sowing to seedling stage. Water consumption of PRF and PMS increased by 46.1 mm and 39.8 mm from seedling to filling stage. PRF increased average soil temperature in 0-25 cm profile by 0.3 ℃ at seedling stage, but decreased by 0.5 ℃ from filling to maturity stage, and increased soil water storage in 0-300 cm profile by 18.0 mm from sowing to seedling stage. PMF increased water consumption by 13.0 mm from booting to maturing stage, as compared with PMS. Based on the optimizated soil hydrothermal conditions, leaf SPAD value, aboveground biomass, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate of PRF increased, as compared with PMS and CK. The PRF increased grain yield by 9.1% and 36.5%, WUE by 5.9% and 30.8% compared to PMS and CK, respectively. Consequently, PRF increased soil temperature at wheat seedling stage, reduced it from filling to maturing stage, improved wheat water consumption from sowing to filling stage, increased leaf SPAD value and aboveground biomass, promoted photosynthetic function in leaf from seedling to filling stage, and consequently led to increased yield and water utilization. Such effects were more significant in dry year (2016 and 2017).

Key words: Central Gansu, arid area, micro-ridge-furrow with whole field plastic mulching and bunching seeding, spring wheat, drought-resistant, cold-tolerant

侯慧芝, 张绪成, 尹嘉德, 方彦杰, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 全膜微垄沟穴播对春小麦土壤水热环境的影响及其光合和产量效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(9): 3005-3014.

HOU Hui-zhi, ZHANG Xu-cheng, YIN Jia-de, FANG Yan-jie, WANG Hong-li, MA Yi-fan, ZHANG Guo-ping, LEI Kang-ning. Effects of micro-ridge-furrow with plastic mulching and bunching seeding on soil hydrothermal environment and its response to photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(9): 3005-3014.

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全膜微垄沟穴播对春小麦土壤水热环境的影响及其光合和产量效应

Effects of micro-ridge-furrow with plastic mulching and bunching seeding on soil hydrothermal environment and its response to photosynthesis and grain yield of spring wheat

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