基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦产量对施氮量和施氮深度的响应模拟

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.029

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 775-783.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.029

基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦产量对施氮量和施氮深度的响应模拟

尹嘉德^1,2, 张俊英³, 侯慧芝^1,2, 张绪成^1,2,4*, 马明生^1,2, 郭宏娟⁴, 方彦杰^1,2, 雷康宁^1,2

¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 兰州 730070;
²甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州 730070;
³平凉市农业技术推广站, 甘肃平凉 744000;
⁴甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-07-05 接受日期:2021-12-02 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
作者简介:尹嘉德, 男, 1992年生, 硕士。主要从事旱地作物资源高效利用研究。E-mail: yinjiade@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31960398,31560355)、国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200403)、甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF8WA110)和甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2020GAAS32)资助。

Simulation of the responses of spring wheat yield to the rates and depths of nitrogen application in dryland based on APSIM model

YIN Jia-de^1,2, ZHANG Jun-ying³, HOU Hui-zhi^1,2, ZHANG Xu-cheng^1,2,4*, MA Ming-sheng^1,2, GUO Hong-juan⁴, FANG Yan-jie^1,2, LEI Kang-ning^1,2

¹Institute of Dry-land Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
²Gansu Province Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, China;
³Station for Popularizing Agricultural Technique, Pingliang 744000, Gansu, China;
⁴College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2021-07-05 Accepted:2021-12-02 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮是限制黄土高原旱农区作物水分生产潜力提升的重要因素,而氮肥适度深施是旱地作物提效增产的有效措施。本研究利用甘肃省陇中地区1990—2020年气象观测数据,基于APSIM模型模拟了不同施氮量和施氮深度的春小麦产量,以期为优化陇中旱农区小麦施肥策略提供理论依据。结果表明: 模型模拟的春小麦产量、生物量和生育期0～200 cm土层土壤水分含量的相关性决定系数在0.8以上,归一化均方根误差均小于0.2,模型有效性检验高于0.5,表明APSIM模型在研究区域具有较好的适用性和模拟精度。在试验设计水平范围内,不同降水年型增加施氮量均能显著提高春小麦产量;增加施氮深度,可显著提高丰水年和平水年春小麦产量,对干旱年没有影响;施氮量和施氮深度对丰水年和平水年春小麦产量有显著交互效应,对干旱年没有影响。根据二元二次回归拟合方程可知,丰水年获得潜在最高产量(2749 kg·hm^-2)时,施氮深度为22.7 cm、施氮量为245 kg·hm^-2;平水年获得潜在最高产量(2596 kg·hm^-2)时,施氮深度为20.6 cm、施氮量为235 kg·hm^-2。综合考虑春小麦产量、生物量、氮肥农学利用效率和实际习惯施肥量,本研究推荐施氮深度为20～23 cm、施氮量为120～150 kg·hm^-2,可进一步提升陇中春小麦水分生产力和氮肥利用效率。

关键词: APSIM, 春小麦, 施氮量, 施氮深度, 产量, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract: Nitrogen limitation is an important factor for the improvement of crop water production potential in rain-fed areas of the Loess Plateau. The reasonable deep application of nitrogen fertilizer is a promising method to increase yield of rain-fed crop. Based on APSIM model, this study simulated spring wheat yield under different nitrogen application rates and depths, by using meteorological observation data from 1990 to 2020 in the semiarid areas of central Gansu Province, aiming to provide theoretical reference for optimizing wheat fertilization strategy. The results showed that the determination coefficient of simulated spring wheat yield, biomass and soil water content in 0-200 cm soil profile was greater than 0.80, the normalized root mean square error was less than 0.2, and the model validity index was greater than 0.5. These results indicated that the model had good fitting and adaptability in the test area. Across all the levels within the experimental design, increasing nitrogen application rates could significantly increase the yield of spring wheat in different precipitation years, and increasing nitrogen application depth could significantly increase spring wheat yield in wet and normal years, but had no effect in dry years. The rate and depth of nitrogen application had significant interaction effects on spring wheat yield in wet and normal years, but not in dry years. According to the binary quadratic regression fitting equation, when the potential maximum yield reached 2749 kg·hm^-2 in wet year, nitrogen application depth was 22.7 cm, and nitrogen application rate was 245 kg·hm^-2. When the maximum potential yield reached 2596 kg·hm^-2 in normal year, nitrogen application depth was 20.6 cm, and nitrogen application rate was 235 kg·hm^-2. Integrating the effects of nitrogen application rate and depth on yield, biomass and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and farmer's fertilizer application habits, the recommended nitrogen application depth was 20-23 cm, and nitrogen application amount was 120-150 kg·hm^-2, which could further improve water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of spring wheat in arid areas of central Gansu Province.

Key words: APSIM, spring wheat, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen application depth, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

尹嘉德, 张俊英, 侯慧芝, 张绪成, 马明生, 郭宏娟, 方彦杰, 雷康宁. 基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦产量对施氮量和施氮深度的响应模拟[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 775-783.

YIN Jia-de, ZHANG Jun-ying, HOU Hui-zhi, ZHANG Xu-cheng, MA Ming-sheng, GUO Hong-juan, FANG Yan-jie, LEI Kang-ning. Simulation of the responses of spring wheat yield to the rates and depths of nitrogen application in dryland based on APSIM model[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 775-783.

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基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦产量对施氮量和施氮深度的响应模拟

Simulation of the responses of spring wheat yield to the rates and depths of nitrogen application in dryland based on APSIM model

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