华北平原山药主产区土壤肥力和养分平衡现状及环境风险评价

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 2818-2828.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.026

华北平原山药主产区土壤肥力和养分平衡现状及环境风险评价

王东, 牛劭斌, 许华森, 赵伟鹏, 杨雪贞, 李文超, 马文奇, 孙志梅^*

河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2020-12-23 接受日期:2021-05-24 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2022-02-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: sunzhm2002@163.com
作者简介:王东, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事养分资源管理研究。E-mail: 908959702@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326909D)、河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2020147)和河北省省属高等学校基本科研业务费研究项目(KY202013)资助

Status of soil fertility, nutrient balance, and environmental risk assessment in yam production of North China Plain

WANG Dong, NIU Shao-bin, XU Hua-sen, ZHAO Wei-peng, YANG Xue-zhen, LI Wen-chao, MA Wen-qi, SUN Zhi-mei^*

College of Resource and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China

Received:2020-12-23 Accepted:2021-05-24 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2022-02-15
Contact: *E-mail: sunzhm2002@163.com
Supported by:
Key R&D Program of Hebei Province (20326909D), Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions of Hebei Province (QN2020147) and Research Project of Operating Expenses for Basic Scientific Research of Universities in Hebei Province (KY202013).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以华北平原山药主产区为研究区域,通过实地调研、跟踪监测的方法,对山药田肥力现状和施肥现状进行分析,并利用农田养分输入输出模型解析山药田土壤养分平衡状况,同时对山药种植体系的环境风险进行综合评价。结果表明: 1)山药田土壤有机质、全氮含量等级为极低水平,有效磷和有效锌含量为偏低水平,硝态氮、有效铜含量为中等水平,缓效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫含量均达极高水平,速效钾、有效铁、有效锰含量则为高水平;2)山药全生育期氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)、钾(K₂O)养分投入量分别为575～943、341～981、655～1219 kg·hm^-2,其中化肥氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)、钾(K₂O)投入占比分别高达83.0%、88.6%、91.3%,重无机轻有机以及养分投入过量和失衡问题突出;3)山药种植体系土壤氮、磷、钾盈余量分别达271.14、466.34、739.97 kg·hm^-2,盈余率分别达48.7%、258.1%、324.5%,氮、磷、钾盈余量均超出环境安全阈值,分别属于中度风险、严重风险和严重风险等级。山药生产中化肥的投入对环境造成的风险总体上达到了重度风险等级。

关键词: 山药, 施肥现状, 土壤肥力, 土壤养分累积, 养分平衡, 环境风险评价

Abstract: Taking the main production area of yam in North China Plain as the research area, we analyzed the status of soil fertility and fertilizer application in yam production through field investigation and tracking monitoring, examined soil nutrient balance using the input-output model of nutrients in agricultural system, and assessed the environmental risks in the yam planting system. The results showed that: 1) the contents of soil organic matter and total N were extremely low, and the contents of available P and available Zn were both low; both nitrate and available Cu contents were at the middle level, the contents of soil slowly available K, available S, and exchangeable Ca and Mg were all extremely high, the contents of available K, available Fe, and available Mn were all at high level; 2) The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅), and potassium (K₂O) inputs were 575-943 kg·hm^-2, 341-981 kg·hm^-2, and 655-1219 kg·hm^-2 during the whole growth period of yam, with chemical fertilizer accounting for 83.0%, 88.6%, and 91.3%, respectively; The input imbalance between organic and inorganic fertilizer, as well as the excessive nutrients input were prominent; 3) The surplus rate of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached 271.14 kg·hm^-2, 466.34 kg·hm^-2, and 739.97 kg·hm^-2, with corresponding surplus ratio of 48.7%, 258.1%, and 324.5%, respectively, which all exceeded the environmental safety threshold and were classified as moderate risk, severe risk, and severe risk, respectively. The overall environmental risk caused by chemical fertilizer application in yam production had reached severe risk level.

Key words: yam, fertilization status, soil fertility, accumulation of soil nutrients, nutrientbalance, environmental risk assessment

王东, 牛劭斌, 许华森, 赵伟鹏, 杨雪贞, 李文超, 马文奇, 孙志梅. 华北平原山药主产区土壤肥力和养分平衡现状及环境风险评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2818-2828.

WANG Dong, NIU Shao-bin, XU Hua-sen, ZHAO Wei-peng, YANG Xue-zhen, LI Wen-chao, MA Wen-qi, SUN Zhi-mei. Status of soil fertility, nutrient balance, and environmental risk assessment in yam production of North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(8): 2818-2828.

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华北平原山药主产区土壤肥力和养分平衡现状及环境风险评价

Status of soil fertility, nutrient balance, and environmental risk assessment in yam production of North China Plain

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