C/N驱动优势细菌菌群变化影响堆肥碳氮损失和腐殖质合成

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明C/N如何驱动堆肥过程中优势细菌菌群的变化而影响碳氮损失和腐殖质合成,设置3个C/N处理(20∶1、25∶1和30∶1),以羊粪和玉米秸秆为原料进行堆肥试验。结果表明: 与20∶1处理相比,30∶1和25∶1处理堆肥的碳、氮损失分别降低了33.5%、18.9%和23.6%、10.8%。优势细菌菌群、碳氮损失及有机碳组分的冗余分析表明,高C/N提高了堆肥中固氮细菌的种类和丰度,降低了反硝化细菌的种类和丰度,减少了堆肥过程中的碳氮损失;高C/N促进了木质纤维素类降解菌的生长繁殖,促进了富里酸和胡敏素降解而合成更多胡敏酸,提高了堆肥腐殖化程度。可见,C/N可通过影响堆肥中关键优势细菌菌群而影响堆肥过程和堆肥质量,调节堆肥原料C/N可以调控堆肥中碳氮损失和腐殖质的合成,从而提高堆肥质量并减少堆肥的二次环境污染。

关键词: 堆肥, 碳氮损失, 腐殖质, 固氮细菌, 反硝化细菌, 木质纤维素降解菌

Abstract: To explore how C/N ratio-induced changes in the predominant microbial succession in the composting microbiota affect C and N losses, and promote the formation of humic substance, a composting experiment was conducted with C/N ratio of 20:1, 25:1 and 30:1. Results showed that N and C losses under 30:1 and 25:1 treatments were 33.5%, 18.9% and 23.6%, 10.8% lower than those of the treatment of 20:1, respectively. Redundancy analysis results suggested that higher C/N ratio promoted nitrogen fixing bacteria, while inhibited the proliferation of denitrifying bacte-ria, resulting in reduction of the losses of C and N during composting. Higher C/N ratio significantly promoted the growth and reproduction of lignocellulose degrading bacteria for the degradation of fulvic acid and humin to form more humic acid, and improved the polymerization of humic substance. Therefore, C/N ratio could significantly affect key microbes during composting, with consequences on the process and quality. It could be an effective way to regulate C and N losses, promote HS formation, and eventually improve the compost quality and reduce the secondary environmental pollution during composting.

Key words: composting, C and N losses, humic substances, nitrogen fixing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, lignocelluloses-degrading microbes.

张文明,王旭杰,尹思倩,常馨怡,海龙. C/N驱动优势细菌菌群变化影响堆肥碳氮损失和腐殖质合成[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(11): 4119-4128.

ZHANG Wen-ming, WANG Xu-jie, YIN Si-qian, CHANG Xin-yi, HAI Long. C/N ratio-induced changes in predominant bacteria affected carbon/nitrogen losses and humus synthesis in composting[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(11): 4119-4128.

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