全球变化影响下的生态系统风险的相关理论及联系

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球变化深刻影响着全球生态系统,全球变化胁迫超过一定程度则会导致生态系统恢复力下降,极端事件频发,从而使生态系统服务功能退化甚至丧失。量化全球变化的风险,进而制定恰当的人为适应策略是目前应对全球变化的重要途径。全球变化可能降低生态系统的恢复力,从而导致生态系统脆弱性升高,引发生态系统退化风险。目前,相关研究多依托基于星球边界理论的安全运行空间评估方法来量化生态系统退化的风险。厘清生态系统恢复力、脆弱性、星球边界、安全运行空间等概念和它们之间的关系是应对全球变化风险的重要前提。本文通过总结生态系统脆弱性相关理论,将生态系统恢复力与脆弱性、全球变化风险、人为适应等相关概念结合起来,提出了基于生态系统脆弱性的全球变化影响与人为适应的概念框架。并基于该框架的逻辑关系,阐述了全球变化干扰对生态系统脆弱性的影响特征与机制,生态系统退化风险的评估理论与方法,如何采取人为适应措施缓解全球变化风险,以期为应对全球变化风险提供思路。

关键词: 脆弱性, 恢复力, 全球变化, 星球边界, 安全运行空间, 人为适应

Abstract: Global changes have a profound impact on ecosystems. If the disturbance caused by global change exceeds a certain degree, ecosystem resilience will be reduced, extreme events will be frequent, and ecosystem services will be degraded or even lost. Quantifying the risks of global change and developing appropriate adaptation strategies is an important way to deal with the risks of global change. Global change may reduce ecosystem resilience, leading to increased vulnerability and the risk of ecosystem degradation. The risk of ecosystem degradation is currently quantified mainly by the safe operating space assessment method based on planetary boundary theory. Understanding the concepts of ecosystem resilience, vulnerability, planetary boundaries, and safe operating spaces and their relationships is an important prerequisite for addressing the risks of global change. By summarizing the relevant theories of ecosystem vulnerability, we combined the concepts related to ecosystem resilience and vulnerability, global change risk and human adaptation, proposed a conceptual framework of ecosystem global change risk and human adaptation based on the vulnerability theory. Based on the logic of this proposed framework, we successively introduced the characteristics and mechanism of global change interference on ecosystem vulnerability, elaborated the assessment theories and methods of ecosystem vulnerability, and how to adopt human adaptation measures to alleviate the risk of global changes, aiming to provide ideas for coping with the risk of global change.

Key words: vulnerability, resilience, global change, planetary boundary, safe operating space, human adaptation

侯国龙, 胡中民. 全球变化影响下的生态系统风险的相关理论及联系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 629-637.

HOU Guo-long, HU Zhong-min. Related theories of ecosystem risk under global change and their linkages.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 629-637.

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