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应用生态学报 ›› 1998, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6): 621-626.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土区大型露天煤矿剧烈扰动土地生态重建研究

白中科1, 王文英2, 李晋川2, 卢崇恩2   

  1. 1. 山西农业大学, 太谷030801;
    2. 山西省生物研究所, 太原030006
  • 收稿日期:1997-01-31 修回日期:1998-08-31 出版日期:1998-11-25 发布日期:1998-11-25
  • 基金资助:

    国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目(85-910-06)

Ecological rehabilitation of drastically disturbed land at large opencut coal mine in loess area

Bai Zhongke1, Wang Wenying2, Li Jinchuan2, Lu Chongen2   

  1. 1. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801;
    2. Shanxi Institute of Biology, Taiyan 030006
  • Received:1997-01-31 Revised:1998-08-31 Online:1998-11-25 Published:1998-11-25

摘要: 采用调查、类比、室内模拟和野外试验示范相结合的方法,1991~1995年对平朔安太堡露天煤矿土地扰动特征和生态重建适用技术进行了研究。结果表明,原有地层被100~150m的岩土混乱排弃层所代替,形成了典型的人工松散堆积地貌---排土场;原有地面形态被平盘与边坡相间的梯状地形所代替,5~10年间非均匀沉降剧烈,边坡不稳;原有地表土壤被黄土类母质和石砾状物质所代替,土体容重>1.6g·cm-3, 根系穿透阻力30~60kg·cm-3, 有机质含量<4.0g·kg-1;原有植被破坏后不易恢复,土壤侵蚀模数>15000t·km-2·a-1, 比原地貌大33%.生态重建适用技术体系包括5项工程复垦技术和3项生物复垦技术。

关键词: 黄土区, 露天煤矿, 扰动土地, 生态重建

Abstract: With the combination of investigation, analogy, simulation, field test and demonstration, the characteristics of land disturbance and the suitable techniques for ecological rehabilitation at Pingshuo Antaibao Opencut Coal Mine were studied from 1991 to 1995.The original geological strata was substituted by a disorder derelict layer of rocks and loess with 100~150m height, resulting in the formation of typical artificial loose piled landforms, namely dumps.The original topographic appearance was substituted by terraced slopes, resulting in severe uneven subsidence during 5~10 years and instability of steep slopes.The original surface soil was substituted by loess typed parent material and stone shaped materials, resulting in soil bulk density >1.6g·cm-3, resistance coefficient to plant roots 30~60kg·cm-3, and organic matter content < 4.0 g·kg-1 .After the original vegetation destroyed, it was very difficult to restore the original vegetation, resulting in soil erosion index >15000t·km-2 ·yr-1, 33% greater than that of original topography.The suitable technological systems for ecological rehabilitation include five engineering and three biological reclamation techniques.

Key words: Loess area, Opencut coal mine, Disturbed land, Ecological rehabilitation