混栽杨树-刺槐间磷素养分转移途径的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 应用³²P同位素示踪法,人工接种VA菌根菌(Glomus mosseae),对种植在根箱中的杨树(Populus euramericanacv.‘I214')和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)苗木进行了树种间P素养分转移途径的研究.结果表明,5室根箱中,接种VA菌根菌的杨树一侧,菌根侵染率为34%,根箱隔网另一侧的刺槐根系侵染率为26%,而对照的杨树和刺槐根系侵染率均为零.在杨树一侧施放射性同位素³²P,施用后第14～27天,刺槐一侧的放射性同位素值,处理显著高于对照(P<0.05).在根箱中的杨树和刺槐根系间观察到菌丝连接,表明人工接种VA菌根菌能在杨树和刺槐根系间产生菌丝桥,菌丝桥可以在杨树和刺槐根系间传递P素.养分转移定量分析表明,根系接触和根系分泌物是树种间P素转移的主要途径,其转移P素量占转移总量的62%;菌根菌等微生物活动及其与根系接触和根系分泌物两种途径的交互作用占38%;菌丝桥通过隔网发挥的作用仅表现为一种趋势.

关键词: 杨树, 刺槐, 养分转移途径, 菌丝桥, 城市与城郊, 相关性, 造林工程, 相对亮温, 缓解热场

Abstract: In this paper, the ³²P radio-tracer technique was applied to study the ways of phosphorus transfer between poplar (Populus euramericana cv.‘I-214') and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Afive compartment root box (18cm×18cm×26cm) was used for testing the existence of the hyphal links between the roots of two tree species when inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mosseae). Populus I-214 (donor) and Robinia pseudoacacia (receiver) were grown in two terminal compartments, separated by a 2 cm root-free soil layer. The root compartments were lined with bags of nylon mesh (38μm) that allowed the passage of hyphae but not roots. The top soil of a mixed stand of poplar and black locust, autoclaved at 121℃ for one hour, was used for growing seedlings for testing. In5 compartment root box, mycorrhizal root colonization of poplar was 34%, in which VAmycorrhizal fungus was inoculated, whereas 26% mycorrhizal root colonization was observed in black locust, the other terminal compartment, 20 weeks after planting. No root colonization was observed in non-inoculated plant pairs. This indicated that the mycorrhizal root colonization of black locust was caused by hyphal spreading from the poplar. Test of tracer isotope of ³²P showed that the radioactivity of the treatment significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05), 14 days from the tracer applied, to 27 days after, when VAmycorrhizal fungus was inoculated in poplar root. Furthermore, mycorrhizal interconnections between the roots of poplar and black locust seedlings was observed in situ by binocular in root box. All these experiments showed that the hyphal links was formed between the roots of two species of trees inoculated by VAmycorrhizal fungus.Four treatments were designed according to if there were two nets (mesh 38μm), 2 cm apart, between the poplar and black locust, and if the soil in root box was pasteurized. Most significant differences of radioactivity among four treatments appeared 44 days after feeding³²P, the radioactivity of the day was applied to estimating the contribution of the various possible transfer ways to the total amount of nutrient transfer.Level of ³²Pradioactivity was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in leaves of the treatment of "no separated and soil non-pasteurized"(17.1 pulse·g^-1·s^-1) than in leaves of "net separated and soil non-pasteurized" ( 5.3 pulse·g^-1·s^-1),and also significantly higher in leaves of "no net separated and soil pasteurized"( 11.5 pulse·g·s^-1) than in leaves of "net separated and soil pasteurized" (2.3 pulse·g^-1·s^-1), and very significantly (P<0.01) higher in leaves of "no net separated and soil non-pasteurized" than in leaves of "net separated and soil pasteurized",whereas the levels of ³²P radioactivity were not significantly different between the other treatments.The results showed that root contact and root exudations were the main ways of phosphorus transfer between the two species and the amount of phosphorus transfer through these two ways accounted for 62% of the total.The activity of the microorganisms including VAmycorrhizal fungi and the interaction between the microorganisms and root contact and root exudations made up 38% of total amount of phosphorus. The effect of mycorrhizal hyphal links in the direct nutrient transfer between poplar and black locust through separate mesh (38μm) was little.

Key words: Poplar, Black locust, Nutrient transfer ways, Mycorrhizal hyphal links, relative brightness temperature, mitigating thermal field, afforestation project, correlation, city and suburban area

中图分类号:

S725.2

贺伟, 贾黎明, 郝宝刚, 文学军, 翟明普. 混栽杨树-刺槐间磷素养分转移途径的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (4): 481-486.

HE Wei, JIA Liming, HAO Baogang, WEN Xuejun, ZHAI Mingpu. Phosphorus transfer between mixed poplar and black locust seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (4): 481-486.

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