热带季节雨林林窗辐射特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用不同季节热带季节雨林林窗、林内及旷地不同波长太阳辐射的实测资料,探讨了热带季节雨林林窗不同波长辐射特征.结果表明,热带季节雨林林窗中央和北侧林冠下的不同波长太阳辐射存在"突跃现象",中午前后各辐射量值迅速达到最大后又急速下降;林窗内不同波长太阳辐射日总量值均大于林内,却小于旷地;林窗中央和北侧林冠下比较可见,在干热季、雨季和雨季后期,林窗中央的各辐射要素总量值高于北侧林冠下,但雾凉季时受浓雾和太阳高度以及方位的影响,各辐射要素总量值较北侧林冠下低;林窗中央的总辐射日总量在雨季太阳高度角最大时最高,雨季后期和干热季其次,雾凉季时最小;林窗中央和北侧林冠下的红外辐射及可见光在总辐射中所占份额随季节的变化而不同,充分显示了林窗辐射环境的异质性;与旷地和林内相比,林窗内各测点的红外辐射在总辐射中所占份额介于旷地和林内之间,高于旷地却低于林内;而可见光占总辐射的比值情况正好相反.另外,林窗可见光分配率的季节变化都大于红外辐射;热带季节雨林林窗有增加红外辐射、减少可见光的特征.

关键词: 林窗, 太阳辐射, 热带季节雨林

Abstract: Based on the observation on the radiation with different wavelengths in tropical seasonal rain forest canopy gap,interior of forest,and meteorological station in different seasons,the radiation characteristics of canopy gap were discussed.The results showed that the value of different wavelength radiation had the phenomenon of "suddenly emergent" at the center and north edge of canopy gap.Moreover,each radiation value reached the maximum rapidly,and then decreased quickly around the noon.The daily gross radiation of different wavelengths within the canopy gap was bigger than that in the interior of forest,but smaller than that at meteorological station.Compared to the north edge,the daily gross radiation in the center of the gap was bigger in dry hot season,rain season and later rain season,but smaller in fog cool season,which was influenced by dense fog,solar angle and azimuth.The total daily gross solar radiation at the center was the maximum when the solar angle was the biggest in rain season,higher in later rain season and dry hot season,and was the minimum in fog cool season.The ratios of infrared and visible light radiation to total solar radiation varied with the seasons at the center and north edge of the canopy gap,which fully indicated the environmental heterogeneity within the canopy gap.Compared with meteorological station and interior of forest,the ratios of infrared radiation to total solar radiation in the gap were bigger than those of meteorological station,but smaller than those of interior of forest,which were just contrary to the ratios of visible light to total solar radiation.In addition,the seasonal variation of the ratios of visible light to total solar radiation was higher than that of the ratios of infrared radiation to total solar radiation within the gap.Generally,canopy gap could increase infrared radiation and decrease visible light radiation in tropical seasonal rain forest.

Key words: Canopy gap, Radiation, Tropical seasonal rain forest

中图分类号:

S718.512

张一平, 窦军霞, 刘玉洪, 马友鑫. 热带季节雨林林窗辐射特征研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (6): 929-934.

ZHANG Yiping, DOU Junxia, LIU Yuhong, MA Youxin . Radiation characteristics in a tropical seasonal rain forest canopy gap[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (6): 929-934.

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