太湖流域土地利用与景观格局演变研究

应用生态学报

太湖流域土地利用与景观格局演变研究

万荣荣^1,2；杨桂山¹

¹中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京 210008；²中国科学院研究生院，北京 100039

收稿日期:2004-05-02 修回日期:2004-10-04 出版日期:2005-03-18

Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Taihu Lake Basin

WAN Rongrong^1，2,YANG Guishan¹

¹Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Nanjing 210008，China；²Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039,China

Received:2004-05-02 Revised:2004-10-04 Online:2005-03-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于遥感、GIS技术和景观生态学方法，以太湖流域为研究区域，在1985年、1995年和2000年的土地利用图基础上，分析了土地利用与景观格局演变.结果表明，15年间,太湖流域农田呈减少趋势，建设用地、林地、草地、水体呈增加趋势，其中农田的减少占土地利用总减少量的89.64%，建设用地的增加占土地利用总增加量的79.21%;由于人类活动的干预，太湖流域景观结构与景观异质性发生了较大变化.从景观尺度上看，斑块密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数呈降低趋势，边界密度、优势度指数、景观形状指数呈增加趋势;从斑块尺度上看，各景观组分的异质性指数及其变化过程有较大的差异，体现了景观生态系统的复杂性.人口增长、经济、政策等因素是太湖流域近15年景观格局动态变化的主要驱动力.太湖流域土地利用变化产生了景观碎化、边缘效应、生境退化等景观生态效应.可通过调整景观尺度上的土地利用方式，使太湖流域生态建设及水土资源实现可持续发展.

关键词: 荒坡地, 新建果园, 间种, 生物结构, 生态效益

Abstract: Based on three sets of land use data (1985,1995 and 2000),and by means of the techniques of remote sensing,geographical information system (GIS),and landscape ecology,this paper studied the changes of land use and landscape pattern from 1985 to 2000 in Taihu Lake Basin located at Yangtse River Delta.The results showed that in past 15 years,the farmland in this Basin decreased,while the built-up areas,woodland,grassland and water body increased.The decrease of the farmland occupied 89.64% of total decrement, while the increase of the built-up areas accounted for 79.21% of total increment.Under the disturbance of human activities,the landscape structure and landscape heterogeneity in Taihu Lake Basin changed greatly.The patches density decreased from 0.996 to 0.930,diversity indices decreased from 1.127 to 1.113,evenness indices decreased from 62.891% to 62.109%; while the edge density increased from 4.408 to 4.459,dominance indices increased from 0.665 to 0.679,and shape indices increased from 1.540 to 2.796.The landscape heterogeneity varied with different kinds of landscape, indicating the complexity of landscape ecosystem.In all kinds of landscapes, farmland and grassland had the highest values of diversity indices.The diversity indices of water bodies decreased firstly and then increased,while those of built-up areas were in adverse.The evenness index was decreased in the order of woodland > farmland > grassland > water body > builtup areas.Population,economy and policies were the driving forces of the dynamic changes of landscape pattern in Lake Taihu Basin during past 15 years,and land use change in the Basin caused distinct landscape effects,such as landscape fragmenting,edge effects intensification,and environmental quality declining.The mode of land use should be adjusted in landscape scale to rehabilitate and reconstruct the landscape ecosystems in Taihu Lake Basin.

Key words: Sloping wildland, Newly built orchard, Intercropping, Biological structure, Ecological benefit

万荣荣^1,2；杨桂山¹. 太湖流域土地利用与景观格局演变研究[J]. 应用生态学报.

WAN Rongrong^1，2,YANG Guishan¹ . Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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