黄帚橐吾挥发物的化感作用及其主要成分分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了青藏高原东部高寒草场上广布的菊科毒杂草--黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)挥发物的化感作用,并运用气相色谱-质谱方法对其挥发物主要化学成分进行了分析.结果表明,黄帚橐吾挥发物对所有5种受试牧草种子的萌发速度指数和最终萌发率均产生抑制作用,其中对垂穗披碱草和大雀麦的种子萌发抑制较为显著,而对早熟禾和羊茅影响较小.黄帚橐吾挥发物中主要含有2-甲基-庚烷(9.84%)、3-甲基-庚烷(8.25%)、庚烷(7.93%)、4-甲基-1-异丙基-双环[3,1,0]己-2-烯(7.79%)、3-甲基-己烷(6.38%)、2-甲基-己烷(5.54%)、D-苧烯(.70%)等18种化合物,占总挥发物的68.24%,其中单萜类化合物含量占总挥发物的16.58%,因此萜类化合物是其主要的化感活性物质,并通过挥发途径释放后影响到受体植物种子的萌发.黄帚橐吾挥发物的化感作用对增强其生存竞争力和种群增长起着重要作用.

关键词: 黄帚橐吾, 挥发物, 化感作用, 化学成分

Abstract: Ligularia virgaurea is a noxious weed widely distributed on the psychro-grasslands of east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China,but the allelopathic effects of its volatile is less known.In this study,the allelopathy of L.virgaurea volatile to 5 kinds of grasses was examined,and its chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS.The results demonstrated that the volatile of growing L.virgaurea could inhibit the seed germination speed and germination rate of all tested grasses.The inhibitory effects on Elymus nutans and Bromus magnus were significant,while Poa annua and Festuca ovin were not very sensitive.18 major constituents were identified from the essential oil of L.virgaurea,accounted for 68.24% of the total.The main chemical components were 2-methyl-heptane (9.84%), 3-methyl-heptane(8.25%), heptane(7.93%),4-methyl-1-(methylethyl)-bicyclo[3,1,0]hex-2-ene(7.79%),3-methyl-hexane (6.38%),2-methyl-hexane(5.54%),and D-limonene(4.70%).Monoterpenoids accounted for 16.58%of the total,indicating that volatilization was one of the ways by which L.virgaurea released allelochemicals.The allelopathy of the volatile may play an important role in enhancing the competitive ability of the species,and be one of reasons of grassland degeneration.

Key words: Ligularia virgaurea, Volatile, Allelopathy, Chemical constituent

中图分类号:

Q946

马瑞君, 王明理, 朱学泰, 鲁先文, 孙坤. 黄帚橐吾挥发物的化感作用及其主要成分分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(10): 1826-1829.

MA Ruijun, WANG Mingli, ZHU Xuetai, LU Xianwen, SUN Kun . Allelopathy and chemical constituents of Ligularia virgaurea volatile[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(10): 1826-1829.

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