尿素和包膜尿素对大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响

应用生态学报

尿素和包膜尿素对大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响

周细红¹;曾清如^{1, 2;}毛小云³;张利田²;廖柏寒¹;铁柏清¹;廖宗文³

¹湖南农业大学资源环境学院，长沙 410128;²中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京100085； ³华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642

收稿日期:2005-08-11 修回日期:2006-07-05 出版日期:2006-09-18 发布日期:2006-09-18

Effects of urea and coated urea on harmful gases concentrations in plastic greenhouse.

ZHOU Xihong¹; ZENG Qingru^1,2;MAO Xiaoyun³; ZHANG Litian²,;LIAO Bohan¹; TIE Baiqing¹; LIAO Zongwen³

¹College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;²Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;³College of Resaurces and Environment, South China Agricutural University, Guangzhou 510642， China

Received:2005-08-11 Revised:2006-07-05 Online:2006-09-18 Published:2006-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过室内模拟和塑料大棚试验，研究了普通尿素和矿物改性包膜尿素对土壤pH值及大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响.结果表明，在室内模拟试验条件下，两种氮肥施用初期均导致土壤pH值上升，并于1周后达到最大值，上升幅度超过50％，随后开始下降，至第5周回到初始水平.大棚内施用两种氮肥均使棚内NH₃、NO₂和O₃浓度增加，其中施用普通尿素处理的NH₃、NO₂日均挥发量均大于矿物改性包膜尿素；施用普通尿素处理使大棚内土壤的NH₃、棚内NO₂和O₃的最高浓度达到42.36、41.95和86.00 μg·m^-3·d^-1，3种气体浓度均达到了有害气体伤害植物的临界阈值；NH₃、NO₂挥发强度受棚温和光照强度的影响，O₃浓度随光照强度变化而改变.

关键词: 桃儿七, 种群, 种子产量, 结籽率

Abstract: With simulation test and plastic greenhouse experiment, this paper studied the effects of urea and minerals-coated urea on the soil pH and harmful gases concentrations in plastic greenhouse. The results showed that under simulated condition, the application of these two N fertilizers led to an initial increase of soil pH, which reached the maximum (an increment of ＞50%) within the first week and dropped to the initial level by the end of the fifth week. In plastic greenhouse, applying urea and coated urea resulted in the increase of NH₃, NO₂ and O₃ concentrations. The daily volatilization amount of NH₃ and NO₂ was higher in urea treatment than in coated urea treatment, and the highest value in urea treatment was 42.36μg·m^-3·d^-1for NH₃, 41.95 μg·m^-3·d^-1 for NO₂, and 86.00μg·m^-3·d^-1for O₃. The volatilization intensity of NH₃ and NO₂ was influenced by temperature and sunlight, while the O₃ concentration was influenced by sunlight.

Key words: Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, Population, Seed production, Seed set ratio

周细红¹;曾清如^{1, 2;}毛小云³;张利田²;廖柏寒¹;铁柏清¹;廖宗文³. 尿素和包膜尿素对大棚内有害气体浓度变化的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

ZHOU Xihong¹; ZENG Qingru^1,2;MAO Xiaoyun³; ZHANG Litian²,;LIAO Bohan¹; TIE Baiqing¹; LIAO Zongwen³. Effects of urea and coated urea on harmful gases concentrations in plastic greenhouse.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.

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