不同种植模式对土壤氮素转化及酶活性的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12): 3227-3235.

不同种植模式对土壤氮素转化及酶活性的影响

雍太文1,2,杨文钰1,2**,向达兵1,2,陈小容1,2

1四川农业大学农学院, 四川温江 611130;2农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130

出版日期:2011-12-18 发布日期:2011-12-18

Effects of different planting modes on soil nitrogen transformation and related enzyme activities.

YONG Tai-wen1,2, YANG Wen-yu1,2, XIANG Da-bing1,2, CHEN Xiao-rong1,2

1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China; 2Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China

Online:2011-12-18 Published:2011-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用两年大田试验，研究了小麦-大豆（A₁）、小麦-甘薯（A₂）、玉米（A₃）、小麦/玉米/大豆（A₄）和小麦/玉米/甘薯（A₅）5种种植模式下，小麦/玉米/大豆套作体系的土壤酶活性变化特征及其对土壤氮素转化的影响.结果表明：与A₁、A₂、A₃和A₅相比，A₄提高了各作物在开花期（或吐丝期）和成熟期的土壤总氮含量及脲酶和蛋白酶活性，处理间表现为套作＞单作、大豆茬口＞甘薯茬口、边行＞中行；降低了小麦、玉米土壤的NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N含量及小麦土壤的硝酸还原酶活性.玉米土壤的硝酸还原酶活性在玉米、大豆共生前的拔节期为单作＞套作，在玉米、大豆共生后的吐丝期和成熟期为套作＞单作、大豆茬口＞甘薯茬口；大豆土壤的NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N含量及硝酸还原酶活性在分枝期为单作＞套作，在开花期和成熟期为套作＞单作、大豆茬口＞甘薯茬口、中行＞边行.

关键词: 小麦/玉米/大豆套作, 土壤氮含量, 土壤酶活性, 氮素转化

Abstract: A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of soil nitrogen content and urease, proteinase, and nitrate reductase activities in a wheat/maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system under effects of five planting modes, i.e., wheat-soybean (A₁), wheat-sweet potato (A₂), maize (A₃), wheat/maize/soybean (A₄), and wheat/maize/sweet potato (A₅). Among the five planting modes, A₄ increased the soil total nitrogen content and urease and protease activities at flowering (or spinning) and maturing stages, and the total nitrogen content and urease and protease activities were relay strip intercropping > single cropping, soybean > sweet potato, and fringe row > central row. A₄ decreased the NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-Ncontents of wheat and maize soil, and the nitrate reductase activity of wheat soil. The nitrate reductase activity of maize soil was higher in single cropping than in relay strip intercropping at jointing stage but was in adverse at maize spinning and maturiting stages, and the nitrate reductase activity of soybean soil was higher than that of sweet potato soil. At the branching stage of soybean, the soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N contents and nitrate reductase activity were higher in single cropping than in relay strip intercropping; whereas at flowering and maturing stages, the soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-Ncontents and nitrate reductase activity were in the sequences of strip intercropping > single cropping, soybean > sweet potato, and center row > fringe row.

Key words: wheat/maize/soybean relay strip intercropping, soil nitrogen content, soil enzyme activity, nitrogen transformation

雍太文,杨文钰,向达兵,陈小容. 不同种植模式对土壤氮素转化及酶活性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(12): 3227-3235.

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