长江口及其邻近水域大型水母资源量动态变化对渔业资源结构的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (12): 3321-3328.

长江口及其邻近水域大型水母资源量动态变化对渔业资源结构的影响

单秀娟,庄志猛,金显仕**,戴芳群

中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071

出版日期:2011-12-18 发布日期:2011-12-18

Effects of macro-jellyfish abundance dynamics on fishery resource structure in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters.

SHAN Xiu-juan, ZHUANG Zhi-meng, JIN Xian-shi,DAI Fang-qun

Shandong Province Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China

Online:2011-12-18 Published:2011-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2007年5月、2008年5月和6月对长江口及其邻近水域渔业底拖网调查资料，分析了该水域大型水母资源量变化对渔业种类组成、分布和资源量的影响.结果表明：2007年5月—2008年6月，大型水母的平均网获量和最高网获量增加，2008年6月平均网获量为222.2 kg·h^-1，最高网获量达到1800 kg·h^-1.大型水母主要分布在50 m等深线附近，及100 m等深线以浅的东海沿岸流、长江径流和台湾暖流的锋面上，6月大型水母的集中分布范围与5月相比向北偏移，在2007年5月和2008年5月两次调查中均存在一个水母集中分布点(122.5° E，28.5° N).大型水母和渔业资源呈交错分布，大型水母集中分布的区域，渔业资源网获量降低，种类组成也发生了显著变化.在水母网获量高的站位主要以小型种类(竹筴鱼、龙头鱼、发光鲷等)或中上层种类(刺鲳、长蛸）及带鱼为主，刺鲳在2008年6月的调查中占整个渔获量的23.7%，小黄鱼也占有较高的比重，但一些底层种类如黄鮟鱇等在水母集中分布区没有发现，虾蟹类也相对较少.大型水母对长江口渔业生态系统的群落结构和资源量都产生了一定的影响，而且水母可以通过营养级联反应改变系统的能流方式.因此，在保护渔业资源和制定相关的渔业管理措施时，建议将水母作为一个独立的生态类群来考虑.

关键词: 长江口, 大型水母, 渔业资源

Abstract: Based on the bottom trawl survey data in May 2007 and May and June 2008, this paper analyzed the effects of the abundance dynamics of macro-jellyfish on the species composition, distribution, and abundance of fishery resource in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters. From May 2007 to June 2008, the average catch per haul and the top catch per haul of macro-jellyfish increased, up to 222.2 kg·h^-1 and 1800 kg·h^-1 in June 2008, respectively. The macro-jellyfish were mainly distributed in the areas around 50 m isobath, and not beyond 100 m isobath where was the joint front of the coastal waters of East China Sea, Yangtze River runoff, and Taiwan Warm Current. The main distribution area of macro-jellyfish in June migrated northward, as compared with that in May, and the highest catches of macro-jellyfish in May 2007 and May 2008 were found in the same sampling station (122.5° E， 28.5° N). In the sampling stations with higher abundance of macro-jellyfish, the fishery abundance was low, and the fishery species also changed greatly, mainly composed by small-sized species (Trachurus japonicus, Harpadon nehereus,and Acropoma japonicum) and pelagic species (Psenopsis anomala,Octopus variabilis） and Trichiurus japonicus, and P. anomala accounted for 23.7% of the total catch in June 2008. Larimichthys polyactis also occupied higher proportion of the total catch in sampling stations with higher macro-jellyfish abundance, but the demersal species Lophius litulon was not found, and a few crustaceans were collected. This study showed that macro-jellyfish had definite negative effects on the fishery community structure and abundance in the Yangtze River estuary fishery ecosystem, and further, changed the energy flow patterns of the ecosystem through cascading trophic interactions. Therefore, macro-jellyfish was strongly suggested to be an independent ecological group when the corresponding fishery management measures were considered.

Key words: Yangtze River estuary, macro-jellyfish, fishery resource

单秀娟,庄志猛,金显仕,戴芳群. 长江口及其邻近水域大型水母资源量动态变化对渔业资源结构的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(12): 3321-3328.

[1]	史宇骁, 李阳, 孟翊, 赵志远, 张婷玉, 王栋, 袁琳. 1989—2020年长江口九段沙湿地格局演变及影响因素 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(8): 2229-2236.
[2]	吴筱桐, 丁翔翔, 江旭, 徐宾铎, 张崇良, 任一平, 薛莹. 海州湾鱼类群落平均营养级和大型鱼类指数的变化特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(8): 2829-2836.
[3]	邢永泽, 张梅, 甄毓, 米铁柱. 盐度对不同温度下海月水母螅状体存活和无性繁殖的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(6): 2087-2092.
[4]	吴建辉,戴黎斌,戴小杰,田思泉,刘健,陈锦辉,王学昉王家启. GAM模型和BRT模型在长江口鱼类群落多样性预测中的比较 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(2): 644-652.
[5]	冯晨, 何雄波, 招春旭, 李军, 康斌. 闽江口鱼类功能多样性 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(10): 3589-3595.
[6]	任庆强, 线薇微, 张岩, 刘春龙, 李文龙. 长江口无脊椎动物群聚特征及其与环境因子的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(9): 3067-3077.
[7]	张衡, 叶锦玉, 张瑛瑛, 靳少非, 张胜茂. 长江口东滩湿地斑尾刺虾虎鱼的栖息亚生境选择和食性差异 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 945-952.
[8]	纪严, 赵峰, 杨琴, 马荣荣, 杨刚, 张涛, 庄平. 长江口鮻矢耳石形态特征及质量与年龄的关系 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 953-960.
[9]	张衡, 叶锦玉, 梁晓莉, 朱小静, 靳少非, 陈渊戈, 张佳蕊, 戴阳. 长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的月动态 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(4): 1360-1369.
[10]	王家启, 戴小杰, 王坤, 王浩展, 田思泉. 淀山湖鱼类生物多样性调查样本量的优化设计 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(1): 291-298.
[11]	王建锋1,2,赵峰1*,宋超1,杨刚1,侯俊利1,庄平1,2. 长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(1): 291-298.
[12]	胡艳1,2,张涛1,杨刚1,赵峰1,侯俊利1,章龙珍1,庄平1**. 长江口近岸水域棘头梅童鱼资源现状的评估 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(9): 2867-2873.
[13]	杨刚,张涛,庄平,侯俊利,王妤,宋超,章龙珍**. 长江口棘头梅童鱼幼鱼栖息地的初步评估 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(8): 2418-2424.
[14]	仲启铖,王江涛,周剑虹,欧强,王开运**. 水位调控对崇明东滩围垦区滩涂湿地芦苇和白茅光合、形态及生长的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(2): 408-418.
[15]	崔利芳,王宁,葛振鸣,张利权**. 海平面上升影响下长江口滨海湿地脆弱性评价 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(2): 553-561.