关键词: 济南, 日光温室, 黄瓜, 番茄, 甜椒, 土壤养分, 累积特征

Abstract: Taking the solar greenhouses with different cultivating years and vegetables in Ji’nan  as test objects, this paper studied the amounts and frequency distribution of soil nutrients and the relationships between cultivating years and soil nutrients accumulation characteristics, and analyzed the factors causing soil salinization and acidification by fitting soil nutrients contents with cultivating years and vegetables. In the greenhouses, the contents of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and electrical conductivity were significantly higher than those in the open field, with an increment of 135.3%, 475.2%, 290.1%, 97.7%, and 188.7%, respectively, but the soil pH value was 0.31 lower than that of open field. The frequency distribution of soil nutrients presented a normal curve. Differences were observed in the soil nutrients contents in the greenhouses with different cultivating vegetables. The soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content and electrical conductivity were in the order of tomato > cucumber > sweet pepper, soil organic matter content and pH value were cucumber > sweet pepper > tomato, soil available phosphorus content was cucumber > tomato > sweet pepper, and soil available potassium content was tomato > cucumber > sweet pepper. There was a mild tendency of soil acidification in the greenhouses, and the aggravation of soil salinization was primarily caused by the accumulation of soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen and available potassium. The decrease of soil pH was closely related to the accumulation of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen. The soil nutrients accumulation in the greenhouses had the similar patterns, i.e., rapid accumulation in the first two cultivating years, slowed down in the third and fourth year, and kept stable later, demonstrating a dynamic balance on the whole. All the nutrients contents were positively accumulated, while soil pH presented negatively. In the greenhouses with different cultivating vegetables, there was a significant correlation between soil nutrients and cultivating years, which could be fitted by conic curve or cubic curve.

Key words: Ji’nan, solar greenhouse, cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper, soil nutrient, accumulation characteristics