关键词: 蚂蚁群落, 栖境异质性, 物种共存, 紫胶园, 主成分分析, 植被覆盖度, 沟壑丘陵区, 遥感, 生态环境质量

Abstract: In order to reveal the coexistence mechanism of ant community in lac plantation, an investigation was made on the ant community composition and the ability of ant species in discovering and holding food resources in a lac plantation in Yayi Town of Mojiang County, Yunnan Province, with the relationships between ant body size and its ability of finding food under habitat heterogeneity probed. There were six dominant ant species in the plantation, i.e., Tetraponera allaborans (Walker), Crematogaster macaoensis Wheeler, Crematogaster ferrarii Emery, Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith), Polyrhachis proxima Roger, and Camponotus parius Emery. The hind leg length (y) of the six ant species increased allometrically with their head width (x), and the regression equation was y=0.56+1.02x+5.97x²-10.85x³. Different ant species had significant differences in their actual and relative frequency in discovering food resources in different habitats, but habitat type had no significant effects on the actual frequency in holding food resources by the ant species. The ant species with bigger head width and bigger body size index could discover more food resources in simple habitat. In contrast, the ant species with smaller head width, shorter hind leg length, and smaller body size index could discover more food resources in complex habitat. The heterogeneity of habitat caused the coexistence of ants: the smaller ant species lived in complex habitat, while the larger ones lived in simple habitat. In addition, numerically dominant ant species were unable to possess all  resources, and thereby, could provide the opportunity to other ant species for resources acquisition, making the species coexistence come true.

Key words: ant community, habitat heterogeneity, species coexistence, lac plantation, remote sensing, ecological environment quality, principal component analysis, vegetation fraction, hilly and gully region.