胁迫时间与非毒性离子对重金属抑制拟南芥种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 测定了Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺单一重金属胁迫对拟南芥种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,重金属对幼苗生长的毒性大于对种子发芽的毒性,以抑制种子发芽的IC₅₀为指标,4种重金属的毒性顺序为Hg²⁺＞Cd²⁺＞Pb²⁺/Cu²⁺,以幼苗生长为指标,则毒性顺序为:Cu²⁺＞Hg²⁺＞Cd²⁺/Pb²⁺,并随着胁迫时间延长,种子萌发率下降.此外,不同重金属在不同发芽时段对种子的毒性也不尽相同,Cd²⁺的毒性在种子吸水后的0～12 h大于12～24 h,而Hg²⁺毒性在12～24 h大于0～12 h,其中,种皮对减轻重金属毒性起着十分重要的作用.通过非毒性离子(Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺)与重金属离子(Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺)交互作用对拟南芥种子发芽及幼苗生长效应的研究发现, mmol·L^-1的Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺可以增强Hg²⁺对种子发芽的毒性,但对Cd²⁺的毒性却没有影响.对于幼苗来说,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺可以显著增强Hg²⁺的毒性,Ca²⁺可以缓解Cd²⁺的毒性,但却增加Cu²⁺的毒性,K⁺可以缓解Pb²⁺对幼苗的毒害作用.最后,本文对重金属的毒害机理进行了探讨.

关键词: 种子发芽, 幼苗生长, 拟南芥

Abstract: The study on the toxicity of heavy metals Hg²⁺,Cd²⁺,Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ to Arabidopsis seed germination and seedling growth showed that the test heavy metals had a stronger toxicity on seedling growth than on seed germination.The toxicity on seedlings was in order of Cu²⁺>Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺/Pb²⁺,while on seeds was Hg²⁺>Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺/Cu²⁺.Seed germination rate was decreased with increasing stress duration,and different heavy metals showed different toxicity at different stress duration.For example,Hg²⁺ displayed a stronger toxicity at 12～24 h stress,while Cd²⁺ was at 0～12 h stress.It seemed that seed coat played an important role in seed tolerance to heavy metals.The interaction between non-toxic ions and heavy metal ions on seed germination showed that Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺ and Na⁺ at 5 mmol·L^-1could enhance the toxicity of Hg²⁺,but did not affect Cd²⁺ toxicity.For seedling growth,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺ and Na⁺ might enhance the toxicity of Hg²⁺,Ca²⁺ might alleviate the toxicity of Cd²⁺ but enhance the toxicity of Cu²⁺,and K⁺ might alleviate Pb²⁺ toxicity.The mechanism of heavy metals injury was discussed in the paper.

Key words: Seed germination, Seedling growth, Arabidopsis

中图分类号:

Q171.5

李伟强, 毛任钊, 刘小京. 胁迫时间与非毒性离子对重金属抑制拟南芥种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(10): 1943-1947.

LI Weiqiang, MAO Renzhao, LIU Xiaojing . Effects of stress duration and non-toxic ions on heavy metals toxicity to Arabidopsis seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(10): 1943-1947.

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