东北农牧交错区绵羊的自由放养与设计饲养

应用生态学报 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (7): 1187-1193.

东北农牧交错区绵羊的自由放养与设计饲养

周道玮¹, 林佳乔², 覃盟琳²

1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理重点实验室, 长春 130012;
2. 东北师范大学草地研究所, 长春 130024

收稿日期:2003-08-15 修回日期:2004-02-16 出版日期:2004-07-15
通讯作者: 周道玮,男,1963年6月生,博士,教授,博士生导师.从事草地管理和生态恢复研究,出版著作6部,发表论文80余篇.Tel:0431-5268187;E-mail:zhoudw@nenu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2000018602)

Extensive grazing and designed feeding with supplemented legume forages on natural grassland

ZHOU Daowei¹, LIN Jiaqiao², QIN Menglin²

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agriculture Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012;
2. Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China

Received:2003-08-15 Revised:2004-02-16 Online:2004-07-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨了在草地自由放养基础上的家畜饲养方式,提出在东北农牧交错区要进行设计饲养,即在利用草地草、农田残茬、林带草和树木落叶自由放养的基础上,按着动物的生长规律设计增重要求,同时利用能量和蛋白质饲料进行补饲.这种日常计划饲养方式有利于草地管理及家畜生产,是我国草地畜牧业的改进发展方向.在东北农牧交错区,当年生羔羊羯羊日粮中若加入20%的豆科牧草,当年体重可以增加40%～65%,即达到52～61 kg.这不仅会满足商品畜当年出栏的高标准要求,缩短家畜的存栏期,增进畜牧业效益,同时也必将减轻放牧家畜对草原次年的压力.

关键词: 自由放养, 设计饲养, 吃饱度, 吃好度, 豆科牧草

Abstract: Livestock needs to be fully stuffed and fed well.Eating-well can compensate eating-full,and can rapidly increase the body weight of livestock,shorten its feeding period,enhance its production,and protect natural grassland from overgrazing. A designed feeding based on extensive grazing on natural grassland by supplementing rich crude protein-contained forage might be a new trend for optimizing the animal husbandry on grassland.Adding 20% legume forages to the diets for wethers could make the live body weight get a 40%～65% increase,achieving 52～61 kg in October extending to December. Forage production,animal nutrition and animal production were the three relatively primary factors for grassland management while focusing on grazing.Some terms such as eating-well,eating-well degree,eating-full,eating-full degree,extensive grazing and designed feeding were also defined respectively in this paper.

Key words: Extensive grazing, Designed feeding, Eating-full, Eating-well, Legume forage

中图分类号:

Q948.13

周道玮, 林佳乔, 覃盟琳. 东北农牧交错区绵羊的自由放养与设计饲养[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (7): 1187-1193.

ZHOU Daowei, LIN Jiaqiao, QIN Menglin. Extensive grazing and designed feeding with supplemented legume forages on natural grassland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (7): 1187-1193.

参考文献

[1] Dao L-Z(道良佐). 1996. Beef Sheep Production Manual. Beijing:China Agricultural Press. 23～ 32, 64～ 72(in Chinese)
[2] Editorial Committee of China Agricultural Year-Book. 2001. China Agricultural Year-Book. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 48 ～ 56,304～310(in Chinese)
[3] Freer M and Dove H. 2003. Sheep Nutrition. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. 143～165
[4] Jia S-X(贾慎修), et al. 1987. Chinese Feeding Plants. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 23 ～ 31 (in Chinese)
[5] Li Y(李英)and Guo T(郭泰). 1997. Fast Fattening Technique for Beef Sheep. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 73 ～78 (in Chinese)
[6] Li Y-S(李月树)and Zhu T-C(祝廷成). 1983.The regularities of formation of aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis population.Acta Phytoecol Geobot Sin(植物生态学与地植物学丛刊),7(4):289～298(in Chinese)
[7] Liao G-P(廖国藩)and Jia Y-L(贾幼陵),et al.1996.China Rangeland Resources. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press. 1 ～ 14(in Chinese)
[8] Lu T-A(卢泰安). 2001. Sheep-feeding Technique Instruction. Beijing:Jindun Press. 90～96(in Chinese)
[9] Niool AM. 2001. Livestock Feeding on Pasture. 4th ed. Auckland:New Zealand Society of Animal Production, Occasional Publication No.10:1～50
[10] White J and Hodgson J. 1999. New Zealand Pasture and Crop Science. Auckland, New Zealand. Oxford University Press. 8 ～ 16
[11] Xiao J-Y(肖金玉) and Hou F-J(侯扶江),et al.2002.Dynamics of forage supplement and nutrition requirements of grazing sheep in Alpine grasslands. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13(8): 967～970(in Chinese)
[12] Yin C-A(尹长安). 2002. Beef Sheep Fattening and Process. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 128 ～ 135 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhang H-F(张宏福)and Zhang Z-Y(张子仪). 1998. Animal Nutrition Parameters and Feeding Criteria. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 320 ～ 350 (in Chinese)
[14] Zhang Y-J(张英杰). 2000. Sheep-feeding Manual. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. 4 ～ 5, 134 ～ 135 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhang Z-Y(张子仪). 2000. China Forage Science. Beijing: China Agricultural Press. (in Chinese)
[16] Zhou D-W(周道玮). 1995. Progress in Grassland Fire Ecology.Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press. 83 ～ 103(in Chinese)
[17] Zhu Z-K(朱祖康), et al. 1999.Grazing behaviour of stall-feeding water buffalo on a diet of green hay. Grass-feeding Livestock (草食家畜杂志), (2):31～35(in Chinese)