转Bt基因抗虫棉的生态风险及治理对策

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 评述了转Bt基因抗虫棉的生态风险及治理对策.其生态风险主要表现在目标害虫的抗性和对非目标生物群落的变化.目标害虫与转基因抗虫棉的互相作用和抗虫棉杀虫毒素的时空表达方式是目标害虫抗性发展的主要途径.在转基因抗虫棉田中,虽然对目标害虫的防治次数大为减少,但害虫和天敌群落的稳定性仍不如常规棉田,某种次要害虫大发生的可能性较大.认为将转基因抗虫棉纳入综合防治体系并培育更加高效的抗虫棉是治理目标害虫抗性和防止次要害虫上升的重要措施.

Abstract: There may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct impact on target pest. The interactions between target insect and transgenic cotton, and the way of toxic expressed by transgenic cotton varied with plant spatial parts and different growing stages are regarded as the main cause for insect to develop resistance. In transgenic cotton field, although chemicals applied to control major insect pest could be reduced greatly, insect community structure including insect pests and beneficial organisms is less stable than that of regular cotton field. It is much easier for minor insect pests developing to be major pest. In order to full utilization of transgenic cottons and keep their efficiency on target pest, methods including integrated pest management and breeding higher efficincy transgenic cottons by genetic engineering are proposed for management of pest resistance and non target pests.

中图分类号:

Q143

马骏, 高必达, 万方浩, 郭建英. 转Bt基因抗虫棉的生态风险及治理对策[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (3): 443-446.

MA Jun, GAO Bida, WAN Fanghao, GUO Jianying. Ecological risk of Bt transgenic cotton and its management strategy[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (3): 443-446.

参考文献

[1] Adamczyk JJ, Hardee DD, Adams LC,et al. 2001. Correlating differences in larval survival and development of bollworm(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to differential expression of Cry1A(c) delta-endotoxin in various plant parts among commercial cultivars of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis cotton.J Econ Entomol,94(1):284～290
[2] Bundy CS, McPherson RM. 2000. Dynamics and seasonal abundance of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in a cotton-soybean ecosystem.J Econ Entomol,93(3):697～706
[3] Chen S(陈松), Wu J-Y(吴敬音), Zhou B-L(周宝良),et al.2000.On the temporal and spatial expressions of Bt toxin protein in Bt transgenic cotton.Acta Gossypii Sin(棉花学报), 12(4):189～193(in Chinese)
[4] Cui J-J(崔金杰), Xia J-Y(夏敬源). 1998. Effects of Bt transgenic cotton (with early maturity) on population dynamic of main pests and their natural enemies. Acta Gossypii Sin(棉花学报), 10(5):255～262(in Chinese)
[5] Cui J-J(崔金杰), Xia J-Y(夏敬源). 2000a. Effects of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic cotton on the dynamics of pest population and their enemies.Acta Phytophy Sin(植物保护学报), 27(2):141～145(in Chinese)
[6] Cui J-J(崔金杰), Xia J-Y(夏敬源). 2000b. Effects of transgenic Bt cotton R93-6 on the insect community.Acta Entomol Sin(昆虫学报), 43(1):43～51(in Chinese)
[7] Dai X-F(戴小枫), Wang W-G(王武刚), Dong S-L(董双林),et al. 1998. Toxin and control efficiency of transgenic Bt cotton against Helicoverpa amigera (Hubner) in northern China.J Agric Biotechnol(农业生物技术学报),6(2):109～115(in Chinese)
[8] De CB, Moar W, Lee SB,et al.2001. Overexpression of the Bt cry2Aa2 operon in chloroplasts leads to formation of insecticidal crystals.Nat Biotechnol, 19(1):71～74
[9] Ding Z-Y(丁志勇), Xu C-R(许崇任), Wang R-J(王戎疆). 2001. Comparision of several important isoenzymes between Bt cotton and regular cotton.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),21(2):332～336(in Chinese)
[10] Fan X-L(范贤林), Shi X-P(石西平), Zhao J-Z(赵建周),et al. 1999. Insecticidal activity of transgenic tobacco plants expressing both Bt and CpTI genes on cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera).Chin J Biotechnol(生物工程学报),15(1):6～10(in Chinese)
[11] Fang X-J(方宣钧), Jia S-R(贾士荣). 1999. Progress of commercialization of transgenic cotton in China.Biotechnol Inform(生物技术通报),15(2):39～40(in Chinese)
[12] Fitt GP, Mares LC,et al.1994.Field evaluation and potential ecological impact of transgenic cottons (Gossypium hirsutum) in Australia.Biocontrol Sci Technol,4(4):535～548
[13] Forrester NW, Hokkanen HM, Deacon J. 1994. Resistance management options for conventional Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic plants in Australian summer field crops.Biocontrol Sci Technol,4(4):549～553
[14] Gould F, Anderson A, Jones A,et al. 1997. Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin in field pouplation of Heliothis virescens.Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,94:3519～3523
[15] Gray AJ,Raybould AF.1998.Reducing transgene escape routes.Nature,392:653～654
[16] He D-J(何丹军),Shen J-L(沈晋良),Zhou W-J(周威军),et al.2001. Using F2 genetic method of isofemale lines to detect the frequency of resistance alleles to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin from transgenic Bt cotton in cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Acta Cossypii Sin(棉花学报),13(2):105～108(in Chinese)
[17] Jia S-R(贾士荣). 1999. The nature of current debate on biosafety of genetically modified crops.Biotechnol Informa(生物技术通报),15(6):1～7(in Chinese)
[18] Kota M, Daniell H, Varma S,et al.1999. Overexpression of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry2Aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and Bt-resistant insects.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96(5):1840～1845
[19] Li Y-E(李燕娥), Zhu Z(朱桢). 1998. Obtaining transgenic cotton plants with cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene.Acta Gossypii Sin(棉花学报),10(5):237～243(in Chinese)
[20] Lin Y(林毅).2000. Adaptation of transgenic strains of insect-resistance cotton to different ecological environments.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),11(2):246～248(in Chinese)
[21] Liu Q(刘谦),Zhu X-Q(朱鑫泉). 2001. Bio-Safety. Beijing: Science Press. 72～86(in Chinese)
[22] Luo L-Z(罗礼智), Cao Y-Z(曹雅忠). 2000. Damaging characteristics of Spodoptera exigua and analysis of its outbreak trend.Plant Protec(植物保护),26(3):37～38(in Chinese)
[23] Moeed A, Hokkanen HM, Deacon J. 1994. Management of genetic technology in New Zealand.Biocontrol Sci Technol,4(4): 597～600
[24] Office of Agricultural Biological Genetic Engineering Safety Administration, MOA. 1999. The review results about the safety evaluation of agricultural GMOs and its products.Biotechnol Inform(生物技术通报),15(4):35～37(in Chinese)
[25] Olsen KM, Daly JC. 2000. Plant-toxin interactions in transgenic Bt cotton and their effect on mortality of Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).J Econ Entomol,93(4):1293～1299
[26] Roush R. 1994. Resistance management for Bt-transgenic cotton.Aust Cottongrower,15(2):17～20
[27] Santos MO, Adang MJ, All JN,et al. 1997 Testing transgenes for insect resistance using Arabidopis.Molec Breed,23:183～194
[28] Saxena D, Stotzky G. 2000. Insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is released from roots of transgenic Bt corn in vitro and in situ.FEMS Microbiol Ecol,33(1):35～39
[29] Shen J-L(沈晋良), Zhou W-J(周威君), Wu Y-D(吴益东),et al.1998. Early resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) to Bacillus thuringiensis and its relation to the effect of transgenic cotton lines expressing Bt toxin on the inesct. Acta Entomol Sin(昆虫学报),41(1):8～14(in Chinese)
[30] Shelton AM, Tang JD, Roush RT,et al. 2000. Field tests on managing resistance to Bt-engineered plants.Nat Biotechnol,18(3):339～342
[31] Shu C-E(束春娥), Sun H-W(孙洪武), Sun Y-W(孙以文),et al.1998. Toxic response of cotton bollworm to various parts of Bt-transgenic cotton in different growing stages.Acta Gossypii Sin(棉花学报), 10(3):131～135(in Chinese)
[32] Su X-D(苏锡东). 1999. Current status of transgenic plants applied in plant protection.Chin Plant Protec Soc Newsletter(植物保护学会会刊),41:87～106(in Chinese)
[33] Sun L-X(孙雷心). 2000. A summary on the whole world transgenic crops commercialization in 1999.Biotechnol Inform(生物技术通报),16(3):39～41(in Chinese)
[34] Tabashnik BE. 1994. Evolution of resistace to Bacillus thuringiensis. Annu Rev Entomol,39:47～79
[35] Tang JD, Collins HL,et al.2001. Greenhouse tests on resistance management of Bt transgenic plants using refuge strategies.J Econ Entomol,94(1):240～247
[36] Venette RC, Hutchison WD, Andow DA. 2000. An in-field screen for early detection and monitoring of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic crops.J Econ Entomol,93(4):1055～1064
[37] Wan F-H(万方浩), Ye Z-C(叶正楚), Guo J-Y(郭建英). 2000.Progresses and expectations on biological control in China.Entomol Knowledge(昆虫知识),37(2): 65～74(in Chinese)
[38] Wang C-Z(王琛柱), Qin J-D(钦俊德). 1998. Current status of studies on insect and plant mutural effect.World Agric(世界农业), (4):33～35(in Chinese)
[39] Wearing CH, Hokkanen HM, Deacon J. 1994. Pest resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis:Case studies of ecological crop assessment for Bt gene incorporation and strategies of management.Biocontrol Sci Technol,4(4):573～590
[40] Wigley PJ, Chilcott CN, Broadwell AH,et al.1994. Conservation of Bacillus thuringiensis efficacy in New Zealand through the planned deployment of Bt genes in transgenic crops.Biocontrol Sci Technol,4(4):527～534
[41] Williams S, Friedrich L, Dincher S,et al. 1992. Chemical regulation of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin expression in transgenic plants.Bio-Technology,10:540～543
[42] Zhang B-H(张宝红).2000. Resistance management for Bt-transgnic cotton.Acta Gossypii Sin(棉花学报),12(3):164～168(in Chinese)