以毒性鉴别评价法评价化工废水处理效果的研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 105-109.

以毒性鉴别评价法评价化工废水处理效果的研究

杨怡¹, 于红霞¹, 崔玉霞¹, 金洪钧¹, 唐松林², 周春宏²

1. 南京大学环境学院, 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室, 南京 210093;
2. 江苏省环境监测中心, 南京 210036

收稿日期:2002-05-19 修回日期:2002-08-04 出版日期:2003-01-15
通讯作者: 金洪钧
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金重点项目(BK9905);环保厅重点项目(2000-3).

Toxicity identification evaluation on efficiency of chemical effluent treatment

YANG Yi¹, YU Hongxia¹, CUI Yuxia¹, JIN Hongjun¹, TANG Songlin², ZHOU Chunhong ²

1. School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
2. Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China

Received:2002-05-19 Revised:2002-08-04 Online:2003-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 江苏省某化工厂废水处理设施进、出水经大型氵蚤(Daphnia magna)急性毒性试验的结果表明,废水在处理前、后均显示毒性.采用毒性鉴别评价的试验程序,对处理设施的进、出水进行了关键毒物的鉴别和评价.发现进水中存在的关键毒物为金属铜离子并共存多种金属和极性有机毒物,而出水中存在的毒物为酸性条件下易被氧化的有毒有机物.该废水处理工艺对废水毒性去除率为77.6%.由此可见,该处理工艺对金属离子有较好的去除,而对有毒有机化合物的去除效果不甚理想.因此,该厂生产工艺和废水处理工艺还有待进一步改进.

Abstract: Acute toxicity tests of the effluents from both inlet and outlet of the treatment system in a chemical plant in Jiangsu Province were conducted with Daphnia magna.The results showed that both effluents were toxic to this species. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was used to identify the key toxicants in the effluent before and after treatment. The results indicated that Cu²⁺ was the key toxicant causing the toxicity of input water, and some metals and polar organics were the coexistent toxicants in the water. The toxicity of output water was caused by some toxic organics, which were easy to be oxidized under acidic conditions. The results also showed that the toxicity removal efficiency reached 77.6% through the treatment process. It could be seen that the effluent treatment process in this plant had a higher efficiency of removing heavy metals, but the removal rate of organic compounds was quite low. It was concluded that the production techniques and the effluent treatment process of this plant were not perfect, and needed to be improved.

中图分类号:

X171.5

杨怡, 于红霞, 崔玉霞, 金洪钧, 唐松林, 周春宏. 以毒性鉴别评价法评价化工废水处理效果的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (1): 105-109.

YANG Yi, YU Hongxia, CUI Yuxia, JIN Hongjun, TANG Songlin, ZHOU Chunhong . Toxicity identification evaluation on efficiency of chemical effluent treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (1): 105-109.

参考文献

[1] Besser J M,et al.1998.Effect of zeolite on toxicity of ammonia in freshwater sediments implications for toxicity identification evaluation procedures.Environ Toxicol Chem,17(11):2310～2317
[2] Boucher A M,et al.1999.Toxicity identification evaluation of metal-contaminated sediments using an artificial pore water containing dissolved organic carbons.Environ Toxicol Chem,18(3):509～518
[3] Burkard LP,Ankley GT.1989. Identifying toxicants: NETA's toxicity-based approach.Environ Sci Technol,23(12):1438～1443
[4] Burkard L P.1991.Identification of nonpolar toxicants in effluents using toxicity-based fraction with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry.Analyt Chem,63:277～283
[5] Burkhard L P,et al.1991.Identification of ammonia, chlorine and diazinon as toxicants in a municipal effluent.Arch Environ Contam Toxicol,25:506～515
[6] Cheng J(程静), Jin H-J(金洪钧), Shen Y(沈毅),et al.2001.A case study on the evaluation of city effluent treatment system by TIE.Environ Chem(环境化学),20(5): 490～496 (in Chinese)
[7] Cheng J(程静), Yu H-X(于红霞), Jin H-J(金洪钧).2001.Study on key toxicants in the mixture of domestic and industrial wasterwater.Shanghai Environ Sci(上海环境科学),20(2):82～84(in Chinese)
[8] China EPA(国家环保局).1989.Manual of Aquatic Monitoring. Nanjing: Dongnan University Press. 62～68 (in Chinese)
[9] Cui Y-X(崔玉霞), Shang H-H(尚惠华), Jin H-J(金洪钧),et al.2001.Effects of sewage sludge storage on the toxicity of its extracts.J Nanjing Univ(南京大学学报),37(6):713～717 (in Chinese)
[10] He M-C(何孟常), Yang J-R(杨居荣),et al.1999.Progress and application of toxicity evaluation to environmental samples.Shanghai Environ Sci(上海环境科学), 18(6):289～291(in Chinese)
[11] Jin H-J. 1999. A case study on identifying the toxicant in effluent discharged from a chemical plant.Mar Pollu Bull,39:122～125
[12] Jin H-J, Yang X, Yu H-X,et al.1999.Identification of ammonia and volatile phenols as primary toxicants in a coal gasification effluent.Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,63:399～406
[13] U.S.EPA.1991.Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations:phase Ⅰ.Toxicity characterization procedures. U.S.EPA-600/6-91/003, ERL-Duluth,Min.
[14] U.S.EPA.1993a.Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations:phase Ⅱ.Toxicity identification procedures for samples exhibiting acute and chronic toxicity. U.S.EPA-600/R-92/080,ERL-Duluth, Min.
[15] U.S.EPA.1993b.Methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations:phase Ⅲ.Toxicity characterization procedures for samples exhibiting acute and chronic toxicity. U.S.EPA-600/R-92/081,ERL-Duluth, Min.
[16] U.S.EPA.1990.Trimmed spearman-karber (TSK) program version 1.5. ecological monitoring research division.Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S.EPA, Cincinnati,OH.
[17] Yang L,Yu H-X,Jin H-J,et al.1999. Contribution of nonpolar organic compounds to the toxicity of a chemical works effluent.Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,62:434～439
[18] Yang L, Yu H-X, Jin H-J,et al.1999.Application of the simplified toxicity identification evaluation procedures to a chemical works effluent.Chemosphere,38(15):3571～3577
[19] Yang X (杨璇),Jin H-J (金洪钧),Yin D-Q (尹大强),et al.1998.Cause identification of ecotoxicity of chemical industrial wastewater-a case study.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),9(5):525～528 (in Chinese)
[20] Yu H-X(于红霞), Cheng J(程静), Jin H-J(金洪钧). 2001. Identification of key toxicants in a bleaching effluent-a case study.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(3):458～460(in Chinese)