土壤优先水流及溶质优先迁移的研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2001, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 103-107.

土壤优先水流及溶质优先迁移的研究

倪余文, 区自清, 应佩峰

中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳110016

收稿日期:2000-05-29 修回日期:2000-10-11 出版日期:2001-01-25
通讯作者: 倪余文,男,1967年生,博士,从事土壤污染生态学研究,发表论文多篇.E-mail:Yuwenni@sina.com
基金资助:
国家杰出青年基金(49825111);国家自然科学基金(49771044);中国科学院沈阳生态实验站资助项目

Preferential flow and its effect on solute migration in soil

NI Yuwen, OU Ziging, YING Peifeng

Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016

Received:2000-05-29 Revised:2000-10-11 Online:2001-01-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过土壤原状土柱和填充土柱实验,研究了土壤优先水流的特征和非吸附性离子Br^-和NO₃^-在土壤中的优先迁移.结果表明,土壤优先水流存在优先穿透、穿透曲线不对称性、侧向入渗和拖尾等特征.原状土柱中Br^-标记的优先水流在实验开始后24h出现穿透,穿透时的孔隙体积仅0.04.在原状土柱中,以Br^-标记的土壤优先水流占土壤出流总量的26%,所引起的Br^-累积淋出量占总淋出量的86.7%,说明土壤优先水流虽只占出流总量较小的比例,却可造成较大比例的溶质迁移.优先水流可使NO₃^-快速向下迁移,在仅1倍孔隙体积时,其出流中可收获投加量的11%.优先水流可使Br^-和NO₃^-向土壤较深层次迁移的同时,发生径向扩散.

Abstract: The characteristics of soil preferential flow, the preferential migrate in soil for non-absorptive bromide, nitrate ions were studied.With undisturbed, packed soil columns,the results showed that soil preferential flow was characterized with preferential breakthrough,non-symmetric breakthrough curve,lateral infiltration,tailing, so on.The preferential breakthrough for Br^- was 24 hours after it was applied,and the leachate volume was only 0.04 times asmuch as the pore volumes.The preferential flow for Br^- accounted for 26% of total flux in the undisturbed soil columns.But the accumulative leachate mass for Br^- resulted from the preferential flow were 86.7% of total accumulative leachate mass,showing that the soil preferential flow accounted for relative small ratio of the flux,but caused re lative much more solute transference.NO₃^- was moved down rapidly by preferential flow at only one time as large as pore volumes,and got 11% of the applied amount,respectively.As a result of the preferential flow,the lateral infiltration flow enabled Br^-, NO₃^- rapidly distribute, diffuse into the deeper soil.

中图分类号:

S152.7

倪余文, 区自清, 应佩峰. 土壤优先水流及溶质优先迁移的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, (1): 103-107.

NI Yuwen, OU Ziging, YING Peifeng . Preferential flow and its effect on solute migration in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, (1): 103-107.

参考文献

[1] Bajracharya K, Barry DA. 1997. Nonequilibrium solute transport parameters, their physical significance: numerical, experimental results. J Contamin Hydrol, 24:185～204
[2] Beck AJ, Lam V, Henderson DE et al. 1995. Movement of water, the herbicides atrazine, isoproturon through a large structured clay soil core. J Contamin Hydrol,19:237～260
[3] Gachter R, Ngatiah JM, Stamm C.1998.Transport of phosphate from soil to surface water by preferential flow. Environ Sci Tec, 32(13):1865～1869
[4] Isensee AR, Helling CS, Gish TJ et al. 1988. Grounwater residues of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine under no-tillage practices. Chemosphere,17:165～174
[5] Jorgensen PR, Mckay LD, Spliid NH.1998.Evaluation of chloride, pesticide transport in a fractured clayey till using large undisturbed columns, numerical modeling. Water Resour Res,34(4):539～553
[6] Kladivko EJ, Van Scoyoc GE, Monke EJ et al. 1991.Pesticides, nutrient movement into tile drain on a silt loam soil in Indiana. J Environ Qual, 20:264～270
[7] Li YM, Masoud G.1997. Preferential transport of solute through soil columns containing constructed macropores. Soil Sci Soc Am J,61:1308～1317
[8] Logsdon SD. 1995. Flow mechanisms through continuous, buried macropores. Soil Sci, 160(4):237～242
[9] Ou ZQ, Yediler A, He YW et al. 1996. Adsorption of linear alkylbenzene solfonate(LAS) on soil. Chemosphere, 32(5):827～839
[10] Ou Z-Q(区自清),Jia L-Q(贾良清),Jin H-Y(金海燕)et al.1999.Macropores, preferential flow, their effects on pollutant migration in soils. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报),36(3):341～347(in Chinese)
[11] Prieksat MA, Kaspar TC, Ankeny MD. 1994. Positional, temporal changes in ponded infiltration in a com field. Soil Sci Soc Am J,58:181～184
[12] Ren GL, Izadi B, King B et al. 1996.Preferential transport of bromide in undisturbed cores under different irrigation methods. Soil Sci, 161(4):214～225
[13] Seyfried MS, Rao PSC. 1987. Solute transport in undisturbed columns of an aggregated tropical soil: preferential flow effects. Soil Sci Spc Am J, 51:1434～1444
[14] Singh P, Kanwar RS. 1991. Preferential solute transport through macropores in large undisturbed saturated soil column. J Environ Qual, 20:295～300
[15] Standard Methods for Examination of Water, Wastewater, 14-edition, 1975, APHA-AWWA-WPCF.
[16] White RE. 1985. Transport of chloride, non-diffusible solutes in soils. Irrig Sci,6:3～10