Fluorine speciation in soil and the remediation of fluorine contaminated soil

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.003

Abstract

Abstract: In China, fluoride pollution in soil is severe and poses a serious threat to human health and ecological security. However, how to control fluorine-contaminated soil has not received widespread attention. Here, we summarized fluorine speciation in soil and its main chemical reactions in water-soil system and reviewed the research progress on the remediation of fluorine-contaminated soils. Then, we proposed the focus of future research on fluorine-contaminated soil remediation. The aim of this review was providing the reference for the remediation of fluoride-contaminated soil. There are five forms of fluorine in soils, with the proportion of residual fluorine being over 90%. The reactions of fluorine in the soil solution mainly include precipitation-dissolution, complexation-dissociation, and adsorption-desorption. At present, the remediation technology of fluorine contaminated soil mainly focused on chemo-immobilization, chemical leaching, electrokinetic remediation, and phytoremediation. Clarifying the combined forms of fluorine in soil, screening functional microorga-nisms and plants, developing the combined remediation technology will be the focus of future research. Ultimately, on site fluorine-contaminated soil remediation could be implemented.

Key words: fluoride, remediation technology., soil, speciation

YUAN Li-zhu, WANG Jia-ning, MA Chun-yang, GUO Shu-hai. Fluorine speciation in soil and the remediation of fluorine contaminated soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(1): 10-20.

References

[1] Xue S Y (薛粟尹), Li P (李萍), Wang S L (王胜利),et al.Chemical forms of fluorine and influential factors in the mining areas of oases, Gansu Province, China.Journal of Agro Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2012,31(12): 2407-2414 (in Chinese)
[2] Mohapatra M, Anand S, Mishra BK,et al.Review of fluoride removal from drinking water.Journal of Environmental Management,2009,91: 67-77
[3] Chen J J (陈剑杰), Cao J L (曹谨玲), Luo Y J (罗永巨),et al.Effects of nano selenium on antioxidant capacity and histopathology of Cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013,24(10): 2970-2976 (in Chinese)
[4] Chen Y Y (陈玉银), Lu S G (卢升高). Fluoride accumulation and distribution in mulberry insects near fluoride pollution sources.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 2002,13(1): 106-108 (in Chinese)
[5] Li Y H (李永华), Wang W Y (王五一), Hou S F (侯少范). Safety threshold of fluorine in endemic fluorosis regions in China.Environmental Science (环境科学), 2002,23(4): 118-122 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhu SF, Han D, Zhou M,et al.Ammonia enhanced electrokinetics coupled with bamboo charcoal adsorption for remediation of fluorine contaminated kaolin clay.Electrochimica Acta,2016,198: 241-248
[7] Chen H, Yan M, Yang X, et al.Spatial distribution and temporal variation of high fluoride contents in groundwater and prevalence of fluorosis in humans in Yuanmou County, Southwest China.Journal of Hazardous Mate rials,2012,235-236: 201-209
[8] Wang X F (王兴峰). Actuality investigation and prevention measures on fluorine pollution of soil in some aluminium factory area.Gansu Metallurgy (甘肃冶金), 2008,30(5): 62-65 (in Chinese)
[9] Li Q (李青), Zhou L B (周连碧), Zhu Y B (祝怡斌). Review of heavy metal pollution remediation technology in mine soil.Non Ferrous Metal Engineering (有色金属工程), 2013,3(2): 56-59 (in Chinese)
[10] Chen H M (陈怀满), Zhu Y G (朱永官), Dong Y H (董元华),et al.Environmental Soil Science. 2nd Ed. Beijing: Science Press, 2018 (in Chinese)
[11] Yang J Y (杨金燕), Gou M (苟敏). The research status of fluorine contamination in soils of China.Eco logy and Environmnet (生态环境学报), 2017,26(3): 506-513 (in Chinese)
[12] Yi C Y (易春瑶), Wang B G (汪丙国), Jin M G (靳孟贵). Research progress of migration and transformation laws of fluoride in ground water soil plant system.Safety and Environmental Engineering (安全与环境工程), 2013,20(6): 59-64 (in Chinese)
[13] Xie Z M (谢正苗), Wu W H (吴卫红), Xu J M (徐建民). Translocation and transformation of fluorides in the environment and their biological effects.Progress in Environmental Science (环境科学进展), 1999,7(2): 41-54 (in Chinese)
[14] Pan H (潘宏), Chen B B (陈邦本), Fang M (方明). Discussion on mechanism of variations in content of water soluble fluorine during desalinization of coastalsaline soils of Jiangsu Province.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 1993,30(4): 416-422 (in Chinese)
[15] Li C H (黎成厚), Wan H Y (万红友), Shi H Q (师会勤),et al.Preliminary study on the water soluble fluo rine content in soil and the factors affecting it.Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology (山地农业生物学报), 2003,22(2): 99-104 (in Chinese)
[16] Loganathan P, Gray CW, Hedley MJ,et al.Total and soluble fluorine concentrations in relation to properties of soils in New Zealand.European Journal of Soil Science,2006,57: 411-421
[17] Yu D F (余大富). Fluorine pollution in soil and its harm.Environmental Science (环境科学), 1982,3(6): 70-74 (in Chinese)
[18] Yu Q Y (于群英), Ci E (慈恩), Yang L Z (杨林章). Contents of different soil fluorine forms in North Anhui and their affecting factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007,18(6): 1333-1340 (in Chinese)
[19] Wenzel W, Blum WEH.Fluorine speciation and mobi lity in F contaminated soils.Soil Science,1992,153: 357-364
[20] Wang L X (王凌霞), Fu Q L (付庆灵), Hu H Q (胡红青),et al.Fluorine content in tea leaf and fluorine fractionation in soils of tea gardens in Hubei Pro vince.Environmental Chemistry (环境化学), 2011,30(3): 662-667 (in Chinese)
[21] Elrashidi MA, Adriano DC, Workman SM,et al.Che mical equilibria of fluorine in soils: A theoretical deve lopment.Soil Science,1986,141: 274-280
[22] Liu Z Y (刘征原), Hao R B (郝瑞彬). Environmental geochemistry characteristics of fluorine and its biolo gical effects.Journal of Tangshan Teachers College (唐山师范学院学报), 2007,29(2): 34-36 (in Chinese)
[23] Zhang H Y (张海燕), Liu Y (刘阳), Li J (李娟),et al.Review of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology.Sichuan Environment (四川环境), 2010,29(6): 138-141 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L Q (王立群), Luo L (罗磊), Ma Y B (马义兵),et al.In situ immobilization remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2009,20(5): 1214-1222 (in Chinese)
[25] Liang C H (梁成华), Chen X Z (陈新之), Li H Z (李焕珍),et al.Effect of application phosphogysum on contents and adsorption characteristic of fluorine in alkline soils.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (环境科学学报), 1999,19(1): 111-114 (in Chinese)
[26] Cui J X (崔俊学), Chen W (陈文), Ouyang J (欧阳津). The effect of calcium on different species of fluorine in soil.Guangzhou Chemistry (广州化学), 2009,34(9): 13-18 (in Chinese)
[27] Wang L X (王凌霞), Hu H Q (胡红青), Min Y L (闵艳林),et al.Simulated control of water soluble fluo ride content in tea garden soils.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (环境科学学报), 2011,31(7): 1517-1525 (in Chinese)
[28] Huang L (黄雷), Zhang S W (张时伟), Shen Y (沈彦),et al.Effect of the combination of calcium oxide and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer on water soluble fluorine content in soil.Environmental Science & Technology (环境科学与技术), 2016,39(suppl.2): 109-112 (in Chinese)
[29] Wang K Y (王开勇), Yang L (杨乐), Zhao T Y (赵天一),et al.The environmental effect of organic materials on soil soluble fluorine.Ecology and Environment (生态环境), 2007,16(3): 879-882 (in Chinese)
[30] Gao H, Zhang Z, Wan X. Influences of charcoal and bamboo charcoal amendment on soil fluoride fractions and bioaccumulation of fluoride in tea plants.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2012,34: 551-562
[31] Zhang Y L (张永利), Wang Y J (王烨军), Song L (宋莉),et al.Effects of N, P and K fertilizer on the concentration of fluoride in tea garden soil solution.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2017,46(3): 28-35 (in Chinese)
[32] An CJ, Huang GH, Wei J,et al.Effect of short chain organic acids on the enhanced desorption of phenanthrene by rhamnolipid biosurfactant in soil water environment.Water Research,2011,45: 5501-5510
[33] Zou Z, Qiu R, Zhang W,et al.The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA.Environmental Pollution,2009,157: 229-236
[34] Xu R, Wang Y, Zhao A,et al.Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on adsorption and desorption of fluo ride on variable charge soils.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2006,28: 141-146
[35] Li Q (李琼), Zeng Q R (曾清如). A technique for simultaneous removal of heavy metals, arsenic and fluo ride from contaminated soil by chelating agents.Journal of Hunan City University (Natural Science) (湖南城市学院学报: 自然科学版), 2014,23(2): 63-66 (in Chinese)
[36] Kim DH, Jeon CS, Baek K,et al.Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soil: Conditioning of anolyte.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161: 565-569
[37] Moon DH, Jo R, Koutsospyros A,et al.Soil washing of fluorine contaminated soil using various washing solutions.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2015,94: 334-339
[38] Yuan LZ, Xu XJ, Li HY, et al.Development of novel assisting agents for the electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contaminated kaolin.Electrochimica Acta,2016,218: 140-148
[39] Guo SH, Fan RJ, Li TT,et al.Synergistic effects of bioremediation and electrokinetics in the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil.Chemosphere,2014,109: 226-233
[40] Yeung AT, Gu YY. A review on techniques to enhance electrochemical remediation of contaminated soils.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,195: 11-29
[41] Zhu SF, Zhang J, Dong T. Removal of fluorine from contaminated field soil by anolyte enhanced electrokine tic remediation.Environmental Earth Sciences,2009,59: 379-384
[42] Zhu S F (朱书法), Du J P (杜锦屏), Suo M Y (索美玉),et al.Alkaline electrolyte circulation enhanced electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soils.Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报), 2009,18(5): 1767-1771 (in Chinese)
[43] Zhu S F (朱书法), Yan C L (闫春丽), Dong T Y (董铁有),et al.Anolyte enhanced electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soils.Environmental Science (环境科学), 2009,30(7): 2082-2086 (in Chinese)
[44] Zhou M, Zhu SF, Liu Y,et al.Removal of fluorine from contaminated soil by electrokinetic treatment driven by solar energy.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20: 5806-5812
[45] Zhou M, Zhu SF, Liu F,et al.Pulse enhanced electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soil.Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2014,31: 2008-2013
[46] Zhou M, Zhu SF, Liu Y, et al.Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soil using approaching cathodes.Clean：Soil, Air, Water,2014,42: 1771-1775
[47] Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu SF,et al.Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine contaminated soil and its impact on soil fertility.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22: 16907-16913
[48] Zhu SF, Zhu D, Wang X. Removal of fluorine from red mud (bauxite residue) by electrokinetics.Electrochimica Acta,2017,242: 300-306
[49] Cui D J (崔德杰), Zhang Y L (张玉龙). Current situation of soil contamination by heavy metals andresearch advances on the remediation techniques.Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2004,35(3): 366-370 (in Chinese)
[50] Dickinson NM, Baker AJM, Doronila A,et al.Phytoremediation of inorganics: Realism and synergies.International Journal of Phytoremediation,2009,11: 97-114
[51] Ma L F (马立锋), Ruan J Y (阮建云), Shi Y Z (石元值),et al.Study on accumulation characteristics of fluorine in tea plants.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis (浙江农业学报), 2004,16(2): 46-48 (in Chinese)
[52] Hu Z L (胡志林). Trace elements in soil and plant of Tianshan grassland.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences (新疆农业科学), 1990,62(6): 257-260 (in Chinese)
[53] Wen Y L (文勇立), Li H (李辉), Li X W (李学伟),et al.Research on caparison of the content of trace element in soft and forage in Northwest Sichuan grassland.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2007,27(7): 2837-2846 (in Chinese)
[54] Wu D S (吴代赦), Wu T (吴铁), Dong R B (董瑞斌),et al.Advances in absorption and enrichment of soil fluoride by plants.Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering & Technology) (南昌大学学报:工科版), 2008,30(2): 103-111 (in Chinese)
[55] Li F (利锋). Soil fluorine and plants.Guangdong Trace Elements Science (广东微量元素科学), 2004,11(5): 6-11 (in Chinese)
[56] Meng X X (孟宪玺), Zhang L P (张丽萍), Wang Z Y (王宗义),et al.Fluorine in the eco environment in the southwestern of Songnen Plain.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 1988,8(4): 324-329 (in Chinese)
[57] Cao J (曹进), Zhao Y (赵燕), Liu J W (刘箭卫),et al.Environmental fluorine level in Tibet.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000,11(5): 777-779 (in Chinese)
[58] He F (何锋), Duan C Q (段昌群), Hou Y P (侯永平). Investigation of fluorine accumulation in some vegetables in Yunnan, China.Ecology and Environmnet (生态环境), 2004,13(3): 327-329 (in Chinese)
[59] Wang TH, Lin CS, Wu C,et al.Fluorine content of Fukien teas.Journal of Food Science,1949,14: 98-103
[60] Fung KF, Zhang ZQ, Wong JWC,et al.Fluoride contents in tea and soil from tea plantations and the release of fluoride into tea liquor during infusion.Environmental Pollution,1999,104: 197-205
[61] Sha J Q (沙济琴), Zheng D X (郑达贤). Bioaccumulation characteristics of fluoride in tea tree Astragalus. Fujian Tea (福建茶叶), 1993,20(3): 25-28 (in Chinese)
[62] Loganathan P, Hedley MJ, Wallace GC,et al.Fluoride accumulation in pasture forages and soils following long term applications of phosphorus fertilisers.Environmental Pollution,2001,115: 275-282
[63] Zhu F H (朱法华), Zhang J R (张景荣), Yao S P (姚素平). Fluorine distribution in plants of Xuzhou epidemic fluorosis area and its environmental significance.Geological Journal of China Universities (高校地质学报), 2001,7(2): 158-163 (in Chinese)
[64] Hu Y D (胡永定), Li J (李炬). Fluoride pollution and its characteristics in soil and vegetables in Jingmahe area.Agro Environmental Protection (农业环境保护), 1993,12(5): 204-207 (in Chinese)
[65] Duan M (段敏), Ma W X (马往校), Sun X T (孙新涛),et al.Analyses and assessment of fluorine pollution situation in 10 kinds of vegetables in Xian.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学), 2008,36(15): 6267-6269 (in Chinese)
[66] Lan D, Wu D, Li P,et al.Influence of high fluorine environmental background on crops and human health in hot spring type fluorosis diseased areas.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2008,27: 335-341
[67] Liang C P (梁翠萍), Liu L (刘蕾), Yu S P (于书萍), et al.Technical analysis of groundwater and soil ecological management in high fluoride areas.Water Sciences and Engineering Technology (水科学与工程技术), 2015,25(2): 59-61 (in Chinese)
[68] Li R B (李日邦), Zheng D X (郑达贤), Wang L Z (王丽珍),et al.A study of fluoride absorption of by plants in soil plant ecological system.Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 1986,41(2): 123-131 (in Chinese)
[69] Chen G J (陈国阶). Discussion on the experiment of fluoride containing sewage irrigation.Environmental Science (环境科学), 1979,4(2): 13-17 (in Chinese)
[70] Xie ZM, Ye ZH, Wong MH. Distribution characteristics of fluoride and aluminum in soil profiles of an abandoned tea plantation and their uptake by six woody species.Environment International,2001,26: 341-346
[71] Fung KF, Zhang ZQ, Wong JWC,et al.Aluminium and fluoride concentrations of three tea varieties growing at Lantau Island, Hong Kong.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2003,25: 219-232
[72] Arnesen AKM. Availability of fluoride to plants grown in contaminated soils.Plant and Soil,1997,191: 13-25
[73] lvarez Ayuso E, Giménez A, Ballesteros JC. Fluoride accumulation by plants grown in acid soils amended with flue gas desulphurisation gypsum.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,192: 1659-1666
[74] Ruan J, Ma L, Shi Y.et al.The impact of pH and calcium on the uptake of fluoride by tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.).Annals of Botany,2004,93: 97-105
[75] Ma L F (马立锋), Ruan J Y (阮建云), Shi Y Z (石元值),et al.Uptake of fluorine by tea plant(Camellia sinensis) and the impact of calcium (calcium oxide and calcium nitrate) on F uptake.Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2005,36(1): 85-87 (in Chinese)