Abstract: With the application of the principles of landscape ecology and the techniques of geographic information systems,the landscape of Jiaozuo city was divided into six types,i.e.,farmland,garden plot,woodland,residential and industrial area,waters,and others.The landscape diversity,dominance, fragmentation,and isolation indexes were calculated by models and GIS to analyze the spatial patterns of these landscape types.Based on the optimization of landscape spatial patterns,a pattern for developing a rational and natural ecosystem in Jiaozuo city was proposed,i.e.,keeping four or five large natural patches,planning small artificial green patches,linking the large and small patches by various corridors to ensure the ecosystem inside the city to circulate well,combining residential areas properly to form a urban troop with Jiaozuo town as the center and with seven surrounding towns joined through highways to form a network city pattern.After doing these, urban built-up areas could be linked each other,and inlayed in a natural ecological matrix.This pattern could strengthen the ecological connection, raise the stability of the ecosystem,and maintain the balance of urban ecological system.

Key words: Freshwater ecosystem, Ecosystem service, Evaluation index system