Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

Effect of water and soil conservation forest on soil improvement in western Liaoning Province

Shen Hui, Jiang Fengqi

1998, 9(1): 1-6.

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Comparative studies on the soil physical and chemical properties and Chinese pine growth in Chinese pine pure forest and Chinese pine-N fixers mixed forest show that the contents of organic matter, total N, total P. O lsen-P and available Nwere higher in mixed than in pure forest soil. In mixed forest soil, its bulk density and hardness decreased. and the initial penetration speed increased; thc growth of height and diameter at breast height of Chinese pine wasfaster in mixed forest, indicating that this forest was more effective on soil improvement. Basedon thc measurement of soil cnzyme activity and N-fixing capacity, the soil fertility 1evel of different water and soil conservation forests was evaluated comprehensively.

Drought-tolerance of main tree species in Changbai Mountain

Wang Miao, Tao Dali

1998, 9(1): 7-10.

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Global warming may result in the development of drought. To understand the response of maintree species in broadleaf-Korean pine forest at low elevation on Changbai Mountain to the predieted drought, water-related parameters were determined by PVcurve technique to evaluatethe drought-tolerance of these tree species. The species be able to tolerate drouht were put indecreasing order as following: Populus darvidiana, Quercus mongolica, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestrisformis, Betula dahurca, Ulmus Propinque,Acer mono, Tilia mandshurica, Tilia amurenses, Picec koraienses, Betula platyphylla, Abier mephrolepis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans,mandshurica, Phellodendron amuremse.

Ecological regionalization of poplar cultivating in Tonghua region of Jiling Province

Ren Chunhua, Fan Zhiping

1998, 9(1): 11-17.

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In Tonghua region, 4 climatic and 2 natural geographical factors closely related to poplargrowth, typically representative, and having a distinct temporal and spatial distribution wereselected as statistic indexes. The whole region was divided into 4 climatic sub-regions by clustering analysis, and the cold-resistance grade of poplar was classified on the basis of the investigation on the growth status of 26 poplar strains intreduced in the region. The ecological regionalization of poplar cultivation was dctcrmined by the rclationship of ecological adaptation between poplar strains and natural environment. In addition, the special cases of poplar cultivation in each climatic sub-region were analyzed.

Hydrological effect of different age Castanopsis eyrei stands at Wuyi Mountains

Li Linghao, Lin Peng, Wang Qibing, He Jinsheng

1998, 9(1): 18-22.

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Acomparative study on the hydrological effect of different age Castanopsis eyrei stands at theWuyi Mountains shows that C. eyrei stands of different ages have a markedly different hydrological effect. In an age-increasing sequence, an increasing trend of hydrological effect was observed. with increasing canopy interception increasing water-hoding capacity Of litter layer, increasing water infiltration rate and water holding capocity of forest land, and decreasing surfacerunoff and underground drainage. It is suggested that mature forest vegetetion-soil spstem has aunique role and a gigantic effect on adjusting climate, holding water source, and conserving water and soil, and hence, the mature forest land must be conserved especially.

Morphological adaptability of clonal herb Iris japonica to changed light condition

Ma Wanli, Zhong Zhangcheng

1998, 9(1): 23-26.

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The morphological response of clonal herb Iris japonica to different light conditions was studiedin the gap. edge and understory within both bamboo forest and mixed needle-broadleaved forestin Mt. Jinyun of Sichuan. Statistic analyses indicate that the plant showed an adaptive changein morphology under different light habitats. From gap to edge and to understory, the heightand density of ramets were reduced with decreasing light intensity, and while the opposite wastrue for the length of rhizomes and internedes. The number of leaves and the diameter of rhizomes had no significant difference in different plots and habitats, but the direction of leaveswas strongly related to the direction of sun-light. showing a strong phototaxis. In addition, theplasticity of Iris japonica was analyzed and discussed in this paper.

Structural study on secondary xylem of Glycine stem

Lu Jingmei, Liu Youliang, Hu Bo, Lixiliang, Zhuang Bingchang

1998, 9(1): 27-31.

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Optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic studied on the comparative anatomy offour type stem woods of soybean (Glycine L. ) show that all of them are the diffuse-poruswoods. There are a lot of solitary pores and seldom multiple pores in the secondary xylem ofwild soybean (G. soja ). Semi-wild soybean has multiple pores and seldom multi-celled porechains. There are many multiple proes and pore-chains in the secondary xylem of semi-culturedsoybean. Cultured soybean (G. max) has more multiple pores and pore-chains than otherspecies of soybean. G. soja'swood rays consist of unseriate ray and seldom multiseriate ray.They are more multiseriate rays in scmi-wild and scmi-cultured soybcans. The largest numberof multiseriate rays is in G. max. The distribution of tyloses in the vessels of secondary xylemis different among the four species of soybean. The structural evolutionary approach is G. soja→semi-wild soybean→semi-cultured soybean→G. max, indicating that G. soja is primitiveand G.,max. is most evolutionary.

Variation and distribution of hydraulic resistance in soil-plant system

Guo Qingrong, Li Yushan

1998, 9(1): 32-36.

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Based on the simulation experiment of soil water uptake by plant roots and on the electrical analog principle of water flow, the magnitude, the variation with time and depth, and the relativesignificance of each resistance to water flow in soil-plant system at different water supply levelsare analysed. The results indicate that the resistance to water flow in soil (R_s) and the resistance to water conduction in root xylem(R_c) are decreed with plant growth and inerasedwith increasing soil depth. The soil-root contact resistance to water flow (R_sr), the root resistance to water absorption (R_r ), and the total resistance to water flow in soil-plant spetem(R_A )display a dynamic variatbo characteristics: decreased at first, and then, inereased with time.R_s, R_c, R_sr, R_r and R_Aare greatly increased with decreasing soil moisture. Among all individual resistance to water flow in soil-plant system, R_r can reach to 55～96% of R_A. R_sr 4 -45%, R_s and R_c be omitted. Therefore, R_r is an important factor which determines the velocity of water flow.

Yield-increase efficiency of using recycled nutrients in agro-ecosystems

Zhang Lu, Lian Hongzhi, Yu Wantai, Yin Xiuyan, Shen Shanmin

1998, 9(1): 37-40.

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The results from an eight years field experiment on cinnamon soil in western Liaoning indicatethat the recycled nutrients in compost made by 60% of the harvested products from the Plotsapplied with different fertilizers every year could increase crop yields by 29.6 % (no fertilizer),15.2 % (N), 11.1 % (NP) and 9.2 % (NPK)respectively, or give an averaxe increase of 1.33,0.99, 0.79 and 0.64 t·hm^-2 respectively. There was a trend that the effect of recycled nutrients in compost on crop ytelds was significantly increased during the period of experiment, implying the existence of accumulative residual effect from recycled comopt. Therefoe, a real effectiveness of recycled nutrients on crop yields could only be estimated by a long term field experiment.

Ecological principles of high and stable yield of wheat-corn-rice triple cropping system in Yangtze River delta region

Li Pingping, Bian Xinmin, Zhang Xigu, Gao Deming

1998, 9(1): 41-46.

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In order to develop the wheat-corn-rice triple cropping system in Yangtze River delta region,the ecological principles for high and stable yield of this cropping system were systematically analyzed, based on field experiments and investigations. It was found that the local weather andsoil conditions were suitable to the growth of spring corn, the interspecific relationship inwheat-corn intercropping was mainly mutually beneficial, the agricultural resource in triplecropping system could be more effectively utilized by 20%, the soil phpeical properties and fieldecoogical environment could be improved, and soil fertility could be maintained by returnmgcorn straw into soil and the triple cropping system was tolerant to successive cropping. All ofthese consist of the basis of high and stable vield.

Factorial analysis of prevalence and damage of rice sheath blight

Ding Kejian, Tan Genjia, Ji Boheng

1998, 9(1): 47-50.

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The development and damage of rice sheath blight are affected by such factors as rice strain,amount of applied fertiizer N, meteorological factors, damage loss, incidence time, seriousnessdegree of the disease and chemicals, which were studied quantitativcly with continuouslycropped early rice as test crop. The results indicated that different rice strains showed differentlevels of resistance and damage loss. The seriousness degree of the disease was closely correlatedwith the amount of applied fertilizer N, and the prevalent speed was clasely related to the average daily temperature and rainy day frequency. The relationship between incidence time anddamage loss was no significant, and the effect of chemicals was correlated with control timeand disease index.

Feeding effect of brown and white-backed planthoppers on vegetative growth of rice plants

Wang Rongfu, Cheng Xianian, Zou Yunding

1998, 9(1): 51-54.

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Anylon net experimental system was used to study the feeding effect of different nymph densities of brown planthopper (BPH) and white-backed planthopper (WBPH) on the vegetativegrowth of rice plants in plastic pots. The results show that with the increase of nymph density,the dry weight of planthopper adults and the leaf area and shoot dry weight of rice plants weredecreased. The ratio of leaf dry weight shoot dry weight and the dry matter in leaf allocated byrice plants were increased with increasing infestation by planthoppers. Avery significant linearrelationship was observed betwecn the total dry weight of two planthoppers and the loss of shootdry weight of rice plants. If the dry weight of two planthoppers was increased by 1mg, the lossof shoot dry weight caused by BPHand WBPHwas estimated by 26.01 and 21.90mg, respectively. The possible mechanism of feeding infestation by planthoppers was discussed.

Effect of spraying mixed hormones on seed yield of hybrid rice

Chen Duopu, Ding Chaochen, Guo Xiaodong

1998, 9(1): 55-58.

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Four treatments of spraying hormones on the female parents of Shanyou 63 during its headingstage showed that in comparison with spraying GAalone, spraying GA₃ alone, spraying it with Huatiaolin orHuaxinlin, could induce fiowering in advance, accelerate flowering process, increase stigma exsertion and outcross fruiting rates, and increase grain vield obviously, indicating that thesetwo kinds of spraytng should be widely applied to seed preductbo as are as possible. The effectof spraying Suxiaoin88 with GA₃ needs to further verify.

RAPD study on genetic diversity of Frankia

Peng Yuandong, Zhang Zhongze

1998, 9(1): 59-63.

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Eight Frankia strains from 2 taxonomic inoculation groups were analysed for their genetic diversity with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique. Twenty random primerswere used, and the stable RAPDpatterns could be detected with primer OPW15 and OPW16.The molecular weight of amplification products was between 0.5～4Kb, indicating a great genetic diversity withim Frankia strains. Therefore, with proper primer in RAPDanalysis, different Frankia strains could be allocated to the same inoculation group, based on commonbands.

Phytotoxicity of metabolites of Trichoderma viride

Zeng Rensen, Shi Mubiao, Luo Shiming, Liu Yunlin, Liang Qiyong

1998, 9(1): 64-66.

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Trichoderma viride is a kind of fungi widely dispersed in the nature. This study shows thatwhen growing on solid and liquid culture media, it excreted metabolites to its surrondings,which strongly inhibited the seedling growth of four species of plants. The metabolites of T.viride growing on different culture media had different inhibitory effects.

Hatching of Brachionus calyciflorus resting eggs

Chen Jufang, Zhou Jie, Huang Xiangfei

1998, 9(1): 67-70.

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This paper presents the effect of some factors as stored time at low temperature, hatching temperature, illumination and hatching medium on the hatching of Brachionus calyciflorus restingeggs. The hatching rate is increased with increasing stored time at low temperautre (5℃), withthe highest rate in 30～50 days. increascd with increasing tempeautre at the range of 10～30℃, and decreased at above 30℃. Illumination is not a necessary factor for hatching. Aftertransferred from old to fresh medium, the resting eggs are stimulated to hatch.

Effett of brooding temperature on Iarval quality of shrimp and crab

Zhu Xiaoming, Li Shaojing

1998, 9(1): 71-74.

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Studies on the effect of temperature for induced spawning, egg hatching and larval culturing onthe embryonic and larval growth and development of Penaeus monodon and Eriocheir sinensis showed that in the range of temperature tested (crab, 17～21℃; shrimp, 26～30℃) , the embryonic and larval growth rates of shrimp and crab were increased, but their larval size and theirlarval ecdysis and survival rates were decreased wtih raising bnding temperature. The resultsalso showed that the effect of larval brcoding temperature depended on the induced spawningtemperature, the methed of raising tcmperature, and the temperature for egg hatching and larvae culturing. The effect of brooding temperature and other environmental factorSon larval quality was evaluated in particular, and the approaches to further study the metaboism of energyand matter at embryonic and larval developmental stages of shrimp and crab were advanced.

Community ecology of intertidal zone of Shengsi archipelago Ⅱ. Community structure of benthic invertebrates in rocky intertidal zone

Yang Wanxi, Chen Yongshou

1998, 9(1): 75-78.

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In this paper, the Shannon-Wiever diversity index H'(S), Pielous species uniform index (J),Margalef specics abundancc index (d) and McNaughton dominant degree (D) are used to conduct the numcrical analpeis of species diversity of bcnthic invertebrate community in rochy intcrtidal zone of Shengsi archipclago. The rcsults show that from neritic zone to off shore, thevalucs of H'(S), Jand d have an increasing trend, and Dis in reverse. In each sampling section, bigger valucs of H'(S) and Jappear in different seasons, the former in Spring and Autumn, and thc later in Spring and Winter. d value is different for each section, bigger Dvalueappcars in Summer and Auttunn. Whiftaker-Fairbanks community coefficient and Bray-Curtiscommunity similarity index are used to deal with the community similarity and cluster analpeis.The results show that the benthic invertebratc community in rocky intertidal zone of Shengsiarchipelago can be clustered into two type. The community structure of benthic invertebrates innear-shore is an interim type betwecn those in neritic zonc and off-shore.

CO₂ concentration and relevant temperature increases and rice yield-A case modeling study in Zhejiang Province

Zheng Zhiming, Yan Lijiao, Chen Jinhong

1998, 9(1): 79-83.

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Acomprehensive process-band model ORYZA1 was used to simulate the impact of 15 cases ofprobable climate changes on rice yield in Zhejiang Province. Thc results show that CO₂ concentration increase could result in the grain yield increase, whereas the rdevant temperature increase could decrease it. The impact of CO₂ concentration and relevant temperature increases onrice yield varies among regions. However, when the changes in rainfall and crop pest status areneglected, the annual rice yield could increase by 9. 53, 8. 92 and 0. 04 % under the climatechanges predicted by GFDL, GISSand UKMOmodels, respecitively.

Impact of soil chemical properties on Cu uptake by plant and on soil available Cu testing

Chen Tongbin

1998, 9(1): 84-88.

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Apot experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and calcareous soils collected fromNorthern China Plain shows that there is no significant correlation between SB/Dor AB/Dextracted Cu and Cu uptake by wheat plant, indicating that these two extractants are unsuitablefor testing soil available Cu. But SB/D-extrated Cu is correlated with Cu uptake at level P<0.01 and can be used to evaluate soil available Cu, when soil pHvalue and orgnic matter content are calibrated. The higher the soil pHvalue, the less the Cu uptake by wheat. The averagc soil available Cu is decreased 19μg per pot, when pHvalue is increased one unit. When thesoil pHvalue and the soil organic matter content are increased, the content of soil available Cu isdecreased and increased respectively.

Impact or Cd on growth and nutrient accumulation or different plant species

Yang Mingjie, Lin Xianyong, Yang Xiaoe

1998, 9(1): 89-94.

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Asolution culture with cabbage, ryegrass, maize and white clover showed that their growthrate and dry matter yield decreased with increasing Cd²⁺ activity. The tolerance towards Cd²⁺changed in folowing sequence: cabbage > ryegrass > maize > white clover. For the plant speciestested, Cd²⁺ decreased their accumulation of Fe, Mn, Cu. Zn, Ca and Mg, but increased Paccurnulatbo. All species except cabbage had an increased Saccumulation. The difference of cabbage and white clover in sensitivity to Cd toxicity was strongly related to their different accumulation of Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg under the impact of Cd²⁺.

Effect of cadmium-surfactant combined pollution on physiological caracteristics of wheat leaf

Luo Lixin, Sun Tieheng

1998, 9(1): 95-100.

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The studies on the effect of combined polution of Cd and three surfactants (linear alkylbenzenesulphonate(LAS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Tween 80 on physiologicalcharacteristics of wheat leaf showed that all of these three whacants could increase the accumulation of cacllnium in wheat leaf. Their effect was in the order of CTAB>LAS>Tween80.The lipid peroxidation level of cells was higher when poluted by Cd-snrtacant than by Cd only.Both the contents of sulfhydry group and chlorophyll were deereased significantly. The ultraviolet absorption value of leaked leaf soution was increased, indicating the destroying effect of thecombined pollution on cell membrane.

Soil pollution and its control strategies in eastern mountain areas or Liaoning Province

Lu Qi, Ning Xiaoyu, Zhao Xin

1998, 9(1): 101-106.

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The pollution status in three counties located in the eastern mountain areas of Liaoning Provincewas investigated based on the frequency of economic activities and the distance from the pont ofpollution sources. By the methall of grey cluster and comprehensive polutbo index, the pollution situatbo was evaluated, and the types of main polutants and the causcs of sol polutbo inthese areas were spotematically analyzed. The results show that the main sol pollutants in Xiuyan County are Mg, B, Pb and As, while in Kuandian County are B, Mg and Pb. In additionto the heavy polution of Pb and Mg found in Fengcheng County, the soil environznent inFengcheng Town was also found to be heavily contaminated by Hg. Contro strateqies for soilscontaminated by Mg and Bwere suggested with the consideratbo of special soil conditions.

Purification of gold-bearing waste water by Oenanthe javanica and accumulation of gold in plant

Dai Quangu, Cai Shuwei, Zhang Xiuying

1998, 9(1): 107-109.

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The static experiment showed that after the 15 L waste water with an original concentration of0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg Au·L^-1 and a plant weight of 0.262kg was maintained for 5 days, thepurification rates of god-bechng waste water was 98.9,99.2 and 97.2 %, and the accuznulation amount of gold in the plant was 3027.2,8835.1 and 12164.6g·t^-1 root ash, respectively.

Effect of Fe nutrition status on Cd uptake by different rice varieties

Li Huafen, Zhang Fusuo, Li Chunjian, Mao Daru

1998, 9(1): 110-112.

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Asolution culture experiment with two varieties of rice shows that the Cd conccntration inabove-ground parts of rice is one times higher under Fodeficient than Fe-sufficicnt condition,but no differcnce is found in rice mets. The two rice varieties have a different Cd uptake:Yuanyou No. 1 uptake 40% more Cd than Kechang 89-113. The Cd concentration in aboveground parts of Yuanyou No. 1 is 29 % lower than that of Kechang89-113, but the roots of theformer accumulated more Cd than those of the latter.

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