控失尿素对稻田氨挥发、氮素转运及利用效率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 133-140.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201801.023

控失尿素对稻田氨挥发、氮素转运及利用效率的影响

薛欣欣, 吴小平, 张永发, 罗雪华, 邹碧霞, 王大鹏, 王文斌^*

中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/土壤肥料研究中心, 海南儋州 571737

收稿日期:2017-02-17 出版日期:2018-01-18 发布日期:2018-01-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: mywwb@163.com
作者简介:薛欣欣, 男, 1986年生, 博士, 助理研究员. 主要从事作物养分资源管理研究. E-mail: xuexinxin_2010@163.com
基金资助:
本文由农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金项目(APF2015038)资助

Effects of loss-controlled urea on ammonia volatilization, N translocation and utilization efficiency in paddy rice.

XUE Xin-xin, WU Xiao-ping, ZHANG Yong-fa, LUO Xue-hua, ZOU Bi-xia, WANG Da-peng, WANG Wen-bin^*

Rubber Research Institute/Soil and Fertilizer Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China

Received:2017-02-17 Online:2018-01-18 Published:2018-01-18
Contact: * E-mail: mywwb@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Open Fund for discipline group of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, Ministry of Agriculture, China (APF2015038).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验,以普通尿素分次施用处理(CU)为对照,研究了控失尿素分次施用(LCUS)和一次施用(LCUB)对水稻田土壤氨挥发特征、水稻氮素营养状况、稻谷产量及氮肥利用效率的影响. 结果表明: 普通尿素分次施用、控失尿素分次施用和控失尿素一次施用条件下,生育期氨挥发总量占总施氮量的比例分别为15.8%、13.4%和19.7%. 与普通尿素分次施用处理相比,控失尿素分次施用处理可降低土壤氨挥发损失量4.4 kg N·hm^-2,降幅达18.0%,而控失尿素一次施用处理稻田土壤氨挥发总量却增加了7.2 kg N·hm^-2,增幅达24.7%. 与普通尿素分次施用处理相比,控失尿素分次施用处理的水稻叶片叶绿素、籽粒和茎叶氮含量与氮素积累量、稻谷产量均有不同程度提高,氮肥利用率显著提高了7.6%,但氮素转运量、转运率和对穗氮贡献率均显著降低,而控失尿素一次施用处理的水稻叶片叶绿素、籽粒和茎叶氮含量与氮素积累量以及氮肥利用率均显著降低,氮素转运量、转运率、对穗氮贡献率以及稻谷产量无显著差异. 综上所述,控失尿素分次施用处理可以在保证稻谷稳产的同时,有效降低稻田土壤氨挥发损失,改善植株氮素营养状况,显著提高氮肥利用效率.

Abstract: With the common urea split application (CU) as the control, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of loss-controlled urea by split application (LCUS) and loss-controlled urea by basal application (LCUB) on ammonia volatilization (NH₃), nitrogen (N) nutrition status, grain yield and N utilization efficiency in rice plants. The results showed that the ratio of NH₃ volatilization loss to total N application were 15.8%, 13.4% and 19.7% under the conditions of CU, LCUS and LCUB treatments, respectively. Compared to CU, LCUS significantly reduced the NH₃ emission by 4.4 kg N·hm^-2, with a decrease of 18.0%, while the LCUB significantly increased the NH₃ emission by 7.2 kg N·hm^-2, which increased by 24.7%. Compared to CU, LCUS increased the chlorophyll contents of leaf, the N content and N accumulation of seed and straw and grain yield, and significantly increased the N recovery efficiency by 7.6%, while significantly reduced the amount of N translocation, apparent N translocation rate and the rate of contribution to N in spike, respectively. However, compared to CU, LCUB significantly reduced the chlorophyll contents of leaf, the N content and accumulation of seed and straw as well as N utilization efficiency, but the grain yield, the amount of N translocation, apparent N translocation rate and the rate of contribution to N in spike were not affected. In conclusion, LCUS could maintain stable production, as well as decrease NH₃ emission, improve N nutrition status and increase N utilization efficiency in rice plants.

薛欣欣, 吴小平, 张永发, 罗雪华, 邹碧霞, 王大鹏, 王文斌. 控失尿素对稻田氨挥发、氮素转运及利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(1): 133-140.

XUE Xin-xin, WU Xiao-ping, ZHANG Yong-fa, LUO Xue-hua, ZOU Bi-xia, WANG Da-peng, WANG Wen-bin. Effects of loss-controlled urea on ammonia volatilization, N translocation and utilization efficiency in paddy rice.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(1): 133-140.

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控失尿素对稻田氨挥发、氮素转运及利用效率的影响

Effects of loss-controlled urea on ammonia volatilization, N translocation and utilization efficiency in paddy rice.

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