沼液部分替代化肥在日光温室秋番茄上的应用效果

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.035

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 243-250.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.035

沼液部分替代化肥在日光温室秋番茄上的应用效果

王靖荃¹,谷端银²,于晓东¹,崔秀敏^1*,娄燕宏¹,褚屿¹,王春兰¹,诸葛玉平¹

¹山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 山东泰安 271000;
²泰安市农业科学研究院, 山东泰安 271000

收稿日期:2018-05-10 修回日期:2018-11-29 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
通讯作者: xiumincui@sdau.edu.cn
作者简介:王靖荃, 男, 1993年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事作物高效施肥技术研究. E-mail: 1026716650@qq.com
基金资助:
本文由山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2018ZC2363)和山东省双一流学科建设项目(SYL2017YSTD01)资助

Application effects of biogas slurry partly substituting for chemical fertilizer on autumn tomato production in winter-solar greenhouse

WANG Jing-quan¹, GU Duan-yin², YU Xiao-dong¹, CUI Xiu-min^1*, LOU Yan-hong¹, CHU Yu¹, WANG Chun-lan¹, ZHUGE Yu-ping¹

¹College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China;
²Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China

Received:2018-05-10 Revised:2018-11-29 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Major Basic Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2018ZC2363) and the Fund of Shandong “Double Tops” Program, China (SYL2017YSTD01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索沼液和化肥协同促生的效果,以3种常见禽畜粪便(鸭粪、猪粪、牛粪)作为发酵原料的沼液为母液,以氮磷钾镁肥作为化学肥料辅助,平衡不同稀释比例之间的养分差异,研究沼液配施对番茄生长发育的影响. 结果表明: 沼液部分替代化肥可以显著改善土壤速效氮、磷、钾的肥力状况,依发酵原料和稀释比例不同,沼液对土壤水溶性钙、镁和有效铁、锰、铜、锌有不同程度的活化作用. 与完全施用化肥相比,沼液配施化肥可显著促进番茄生长,且随生育期的延长,沼液的促生作用愈发凸显,最终增产幅度达55.9%～232.8%,化肥用量减少18.2%～85.0%;番茄果实品质显著改善,番茄红素、Vc、总糖含量均显著提高,果实酸度显著降低,NO₂^-降幅达35.6%～90.3%,而口感得分比化肥处理高出7.0%～20.3%.相关分析发现,番茄产量和品质呈非线性关系,口感与糖酸比呈显著正相关,番茄果实口感受肥料种类的影响亦显著. 总之,沼液配施化肥用于番茄生产可以实现高产、优质、环保、培肥和资源高效利用的目的.

Abstract: To explore the effects of biogas slurry coordinating chemical fertilizer on growth promotion of tomato, we used three kinds of typical biogas slurry as concentrated nutrient solution, respectively fermented from raw duck manure, pig manure, cow dung, while urea, monocalcium phosphate and potassium sulphate as auxiliary nutrition to balance the nutrient difference between different dilution ratios of biogas slurry. The results showed the biogas slurry partially substituting chemical fertilizer could significantly improve soil fertility, including available nitrogen, phospho-rus, and potassium. As for water soluble calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc in soil, biogas slurry application could activate their availability, with the magnitude of such effects depended on the fermentation level of raw materials and dilution ratio. Compared with chemical fertilizer, coordinating biogas liquid fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of tomato, with the yield increased by 55.9%-232.8% and the chemical fertilizer dosage decreased by 18.2%-85.0%. Furthermore, such effects became more prominent along with prolonged time. The fruit quality was significantly improved with the increases of lycopene, ascorbic acid and total sugar, and the decreases of acidity and nitrite concentration, and the decrease of NO₂^- by 35.6%-90.3%. In addition, the taste flavor of fruits was 7.0%-20.3% higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment. The yield and quality of tomato took on nonlinear synchronization, and the relation between taste flavor and sugar/acid showed significantly positive correlation, which was affected by fertilizer type. Biogas slurry partly substituting chemical fertilizer could achieve the goals of high yield, high quality, environmental protection, efficient utilization of agricultural resources in tomato production.

王靖荃,谷端银,于晓东,崔秀敏,娄燕宏,褚屿,王春兰,诸葛玉平. 沼液部分替代化肥在日光温室秋番茄上的应用效果[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(1): 243-250.

WANG Jing-quan, GU Duan-yin, YU Xiao-dong, CUI Xiu-min, LOU Yan-hong, CHU Yu, WANG Chun-lan, ZHUGE Yu-ping. Application effects of biogas slurry partly substituting for chemical fertilizer on autumn tomato production in winter-solar greenhouse[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(1): 243-250.

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沼液部分替代化肥在日光温室秋番茄上的应用效果

Application effects of biogas slurry partly substituting for chemical fertilizer on autumn tomato production in winter-solar greenhouse

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