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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 4021-4030.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.006

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火烧强度对兴安落叶松群落叶片功能性状及功能多样性的影响

栗马玲1, 宋沼鹏1, 刘艳红1*, 王洪林2   

  1. 1北京林业大学森林资源与生态系统过程北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083;
    2内蒙古牙克石市乌尔旗汉林业局资源森调中心, 内蒙古乌尔旗汉 022159
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-02 出版日期:2019-12-15 发布日期:2019-12-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: liuyh@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:栗马玲, 女, 1994年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事恢复生态与生物多样性保护研究. E-mail: limalinglml@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504004-1)资助

Effects of fire intensity on leaf functional traits and functional diversity of Larix gmelinii community

LI Ma-ling1, SONG Zhao-peng1, LIU Yan-hong1*, WANG Hong-lin2   

  1. 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Ecosystem Process, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
    2Design Center of Forest Resources and Survey of Wuerqihan Forestry Bureau, Wuerqihan 022159, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2019-08-02 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: liuyh@bjfu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0504004-1)

摘要: 林火是北方针叶林的重要生态因子,直接影响火烧迹地物种多样性及功能多样性,进而影响森林群落的演替.以牙克石地区火后自然恢复12年的兴安落叶松群落为研究对象,在群落尺度上分析火烧迹地土壤养分含量、叶片功能性状、物种多样性和功能多样性在不同火烧强度(轻、中和重度火烧)下的变化规律.结果表明: 火烧显著降低了土壤全氮含量,对土壤全磷含量无显著影响.轻、中度火烧有助于维持群落较高的物种多样性和功能多样性;中度火烧显著增加了群落的物种多样性,物种丰富度指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在中度火烧时有最大值;火烧降低了群落的功能丰富度和功能离散度指数,二者分别在中、轻度火烧时最大(除未过火外),而群落的功能均匀度和二次熵指数在林火干扰后增加,轻度火烧后最大.随火烧强度增加,叶干物质含量、叶组织密度和叶磷含量总体呈显著增大趋势,而比叶面积、叶含水量、叶氮含量和叶N∶P则表现出未过火>中度火烧>轻度火烧>重度火烧的规律,叶片厚度呈先增大后减小的变化规律.火烧强度对森林群落的叶片功能性状和功能多样性均有显著影响,且适度的火干扰对森林群落的恢复具有促进作用.

Abstract: Fire is an important ecological factor in boreal coniferous forest, which directly affects plant taxonomic and functional diversity and consequently forest succession. We analyzed the changes of soil nutrient contents, leaf functional traits, taxonomic and functional diversity of a Larix gmelinii community under different fire intensity levels (low, medium, heavy). The forest stand had been naturally recovered for 12 years in Yakeshi area. The results showed that fire significantly reduced soil total nitrogen content, but did not affect soil total phosphorus content. Low and medium fire intensities could maintain higher species diversity and functional diversity of the community. Medium fire disturbance significantly increased species diversity of the community, with maximum species richness index, Shannon index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index. Fire disturbance reduced functional richness and functional divergence of the community, which were the largest in medium and low fire intensity respectively (except unburned). Functional evenness and Rao qua-dratic entropy index increased after forest fire disturbance, and the largest was in the low intensity burned area. With the increases of fire intensity, leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density and leaf total phosphorus content showed a significantly increased trend, while specific leaf area, leaf water content, leaf total nitrogen content and leaf N:P showed the trend unburned > medium fire > low fire > heavy fire, leaf thickness increased first and then decreased. Fire intensity had significant effects on leaf functional traits and functional diversity of forest community. Moderate fire distur-bance could promote forest restoration.