不同林型树倒林隙内微立地类型的土壤微团聚体组成及其分形特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,分析小兴安岭地区阔叶红松林和云冷杉红松林两种林型下树倒林隙内丘坑微立地类型(丘顶和坑底)土壤微团聚体组成及其分形特征。结果表明: 两种林型的土壤微团聚体0.25～2 mm和0.05～0.25 mm粒级含量较高,分别为25.7%～50.7%和27.0%～42.8%,<0.002 mm粒级含量最小,为4.4%～8.9%。在两种林型的树倒林隙内,坑底和丘顶的土壤容重较大,且丘顶土壤养分含量均高于坑底。阔叶红松林树倒林隙内丘顶和坑底的土壤养分含量均高于云冷杉红松林。<0.002 mm土壤微团聚体与土壤物理和化学性质均无相关性,0.25～2 mm和0.002～0.02 mm土壤微团聚体分别与土壤非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、通气度、有机质、全磷、全氮和有机碳之间呈极显著正相关和极显著负相关。整体来看,阔叶红松林的土壤分形维数(D)和土壤特征微团聚体组成比例(PCM)大于云冷杉红松林。两种林型下,丘顶和坑底的土壤特征微团聚体粒级比值(RMD)均增高。土壤D和PCM与各土壤理化性质均无显著相关性,土壤RMD与土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、土壤容重和通气度呈显著负相关。丘顶和坑底微立地的形成会导致土壤较大粒级微团聚体减少,土壤微团聚体稳定性降低,土壤D和PCM增加,RMD显著增加;土壤RMD可作为定量化描述不同林型下丘坑微立地内土壤理化性质的指标。

Abstract: Through field survey and laboratory analysis, we examined the composition and fractal features of soil micro-aggregates in different types of treefall gaps and microsites (pit bottom and mound top) in broad-leaved Korean pine forest and spruce-fir-Korean pine forest. Results showed that the contents of soil microaggregates under the classes of 0.25-2 mm and 0.05-0.25 mm were higher in both forest types, ranging from 25.7% to 50.7% and from 27.0% to 42.8%, respectively, and that of <0.002 mm was the lowest, ranging from 4.4% to 8.9%. In the pit bottom and mound top of gaps, soil bulk density was higher in both forest types. Soil nutrient content in mound top was higher than that in pit bottom and was higher in broad-leaved Korean pine forest than spruce-fir-Korean pine forest. Soil microaggregates of <0.002 mm had no correlation with soil physical and chemical properties, whereas that of 0.25-2 mm and 0.002-0.02 mm had significantly positive and negative correlation with soil non-capillary porosity, total porosity, aeration porosity, organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon, respectively. On the whole, soil fractal dimension (D) and the proportion of characteristic soil micro-aggregates (PCM) in broad-leaved Korean pine forest were larger than those in spruce-fir-Korean pine forest, and the ratio of soil microaggregates diameter (RMD) in mound top and pit bottom was increased in two forest types. Soil D and PCM had no significant correlation with soil physical and chemical properties, while RMD was negatively correlated with capillary porosity, total porosity, soil bulk density and aeration porosity. In two forest types, the formation of mound and pit microsites could decrease the larger size micro-aggregates and the stability of soil micro-aggregate, increase soil D and PCM, and signifi-cantly increase RMD. RMD could be used as a quantitative index of soil physical and chemical properties in pit and mound microsites of forest.

兰航宇, 段文标, 陈立新, 曲美学, 王亚飞, 杨习锋, 孟思静, 陈佳. 不同林型树倒林隙内微立地类型的土壤微团聚体组成及其分形特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(4): 1097-1105.

LAN Hang-yu, DUAN Wen-biao, CHEN Li-xin, QU Mei-xue, WANG Ya-fei, YANG Xi-feng, MENG Si-jing, CHEN Jia. Composition and fractal features of soil micro-aggregates in microsites of different types of treefall gaps[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(4): 1097-1105.

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