榆神府矿区典型小流域侵蚀产沙对退耕还林(草)及煤矿开采的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1971-1979.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.016

榆神府矿区典型小流域侵蚀产沙对退耕还林(草)及煤矿开采的响应

王晓彤¹, 张加琼^1,2*, 杨明义^1,2, 王永吉¹

¹西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2020-03-08 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: jqzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:王晓彤, 女, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: xtwangwz@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671281)资助

Effects of “Grain for Green” program and coal mining on sediment production in a typical small watershed of Yushenfu Mining Region, Northwest China

WANG Xiao-tong¹, ZHANG Jia-qiong^1,2*, YANG Ming-yi^1,2, WANG Yong-ji¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2020-03-08 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-15
Contact: * E-mail: jqzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671281).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在脆弱的自然环境和强烈的煤矿开采活动共同影响下,黄土高原以榆神府矿区为核心的生态脆弱带土壤侵蚀极其严重。虽然退耕还林(草)工程的持续实施有效缓解甚至遏制了土壤侵蚀,煤矿开采却引发了新的问题,改变了小流域侵蚀产沙特征。本研究在该区域选择代表性坝控小流域——老爷满小流域,运用复合指纹识别法判别淤地坝沉积泥沙来源,旨在揭示退耕还林(草)和煤矿开采对榆神府矿区典型小流域侵蚀产沙特征的影响;从已建立的坝地运行期间的沉积旋回时间序列中选取退耕还林(草)之前10年(1990—1999年)和之后10年(2000—2010年),对比分析源地对坝地沉积泥沙的贡献差异及其变化特征。结果表明: 2000—2010年沉积旋回的年均厚度由1990—1999年的(42.7±29.9) cm减小到(16.6±13.7) cm,坝地采样点单位面积年均沉积量由579.9 kg·m^-2减少到245.8 kg·m^-2。研究期间小流域首要泥沙源地均为沟壁(平均贡献为79.2%±10.1%),但与1990—1999年相比,2000—2010年间受退耕还林(草)工程影响较大的坡面对坝地沉积泥沙的贡献率呈现增加趋势,年均贡献增加7.4%。结合区域的降雨和煤矿开采情况,上述现象表明在退耕还林(草)和降雨侵蚀力减小的共同影响下,流域的侵蚀产沙强度总体明显减弱;煤矿开采对坡面侵蚀产沙有重要的影响,导致退耕还林(草)对坡面水土流失的防治效果受到明显的影响。由此可见,煤矿开采增加了坡面的侵蚀产沙风险,受煤矿开采影响的区域是坡面水土流失治理的重点区域。

Abstract: Soil erosion in the ecologically fragile zone is severely affected by the intensified coal mining activities in the Yushenfu Mining Region of the Loess Plateau. Soil erosion controlling projects such as the “Grain for Green” program are continuously implemented by the government, which has effectively mitigated or even controlled soil erosion. Coal mining results in new environmental problems, which has changed the erosion characteristics and sediment transport in watersheds. In this study, we identified the sediment source trapped behind the check dam using a composite fingerprinting approach and clarified the impact of “Grain for Green” program and coal mining on variation of the amount and sources of sediment during two decades, in a representative check-dam which controlled the watershed of Laoyeman. The two decades were divided into two stages, i.e. an earlier decade (1990-1999) and a later decade (2000-2010) with respect to the implement of the “Grain for Green” program in the flood couplets sequence established during the running of the dam. The annual average thickness of flood couplets during 2000-2010 decreased from (42.7±29.9) cm to (16.6±13.7) cm during 1990-1999, and the annual sediment deposition per unit area (square meter) at the sampling site reduced from 579.9 kg·m^-2 to 245.8 kg·m^-2. The main source of sediment was gully wall (averaged 79.2%±10.1%) during the study period. However, compared with sediment sources during 1990-1999, the contribution of sediment from slope during 2000-2010, which was greatly affected by the “Grain for Green” program, showed an increasing trend (average annual contribution increased by 7.4%). According to the coaling mining and the variation of rainfall erosivity, our results indicated that under the combined effects of the “Grain for Green” program and decreases of rainfall erosivity, the intensity of sediment production in the watershed was substantially decreased. Coal mining had important impacts on sediment contribution from the slope, and obviously affected soil erosion controlling effects of the “Grain for Green” program. It is obvious that coal mining has increased the risk of erosion and sediment production on the slope, and that soil erosion control on the slope should focus on areas affected by coal mining.

王晓彤, 张加琼, 杨明义, 王永吉. 榆神府矿区典型小流域侵蚀产沙对退耕还林(草)及煤矿开采的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(6): 1971-1979.

WANG Xiao-tong, ZHANG Jia-qiong, YANG Ming-yi, WANG Yong-ji. Effects of “Grain for Green” program and coal mining on sediment production in a typical small watershed of Yushenfu Mining Region, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(6): 1971-1979.

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榆神府矿区典型小流域侵蚀产沙对退耕还林(草)及煤矿开采的响应

Effects of “Grain for Green” program and coal mining on sediment production in a typical small watershed of Yushenfu Mining Region, Northwest China

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