我国生态系统生态阈值研究基础

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态系统中广泛存在非线性变化,表现为系统状态随着压力的逐渐增加而发生骤然转变。为解释这种变化,国外生态学家提出了生态阈值和稳态转换的概念,不断完善理论和方法体系,开展机理和案例研究,深化对复杂系统演化机制的理解,并开始应用于环境管理。在我国,近几十年来在各类生态系统中开展了大量关于压力-响应的定量化研究,取得了丰富成果。这些研究在本质上与生态阈值和稳态转换理论范式紧密关联。本文以“中国生态阈值和稳态转换案例数据库”为基础,按照河流、湖泊、湿地、森林、草地、河口与海洋、农田、荒漠、城市、冻原10种生态系统类型,筛选归纳了相关生态阈值,并阐释了稳态转换机理。将研究案例与生态阈值、稳态转换理论范式进行衔接,目的是整合多领域研究成果,作为生态系统复杂性研究的基础,推动其在生态环境监测、生态安全预警以及生态标准创新发展领域中的应用。

Abstract: Non-linear changes widely occur in ecosystems, which manifest as sudden changes in system state with increasing pressure. To explain these changes, ecologists proposed the concepts of ecological threshold and regime shift, and continuously improved the theory and method system. Mechanistic and empirical studies further deepen our understanding for evolution mechanism of the complex system, which begun to be implemented into the environmental management. In recent decades, a large number of quantitative studies on stress-response in various types of ecosystems in China. Results from those studies are closely related to the theory paradigms of ecological threshold and regime shift in essence. Based on the “China Ecological Thresholds and Alternative Stable States Database”, we screened and summarized the relevant ecological thresholds and explained the mechanisms underlying regime shift for 10 ecosystem types, including river, lake, wetland, forest, grassland, estuary and ocean, farmland, desert, city, and tundra. We linked case studies with theory paradigms of ecological threshold and regime shift with the aim to integrate multi-field scientific achievements and resources as the basis for ecosystem complexity research, and promote their application in ecological monitoring, ecological security early warning, and ecological standards innovation.

李代魁, 何萍, 徐杰, 侯利萍. 我国生态系统生态阈值研究基础[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(6): 2015-2028.

LI Dai-kui, HE Ping, XU Jie, HOU Li-ping. Research basis of ecological thresholds and regime shifts in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(6): 2015-2028.

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