陆地生态系统临界转换理论及其生态学机制研究进展

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.021

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 613-622.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.021

• 全球变化对生态脆弱区资源环境承载力的影响专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

陆地生态系统临界转换理论及其生态学机制研究进展

张添佑¹, 陈智^2,3, 温仲明¹, 于贵瑞^2,3*

¹西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
³中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-09-16 接受日期:2021-12-09 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:张添佑, 男, 1991年生, 副教授。主要从事宏观生态学研究。E-mail: t_youzhang@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604803)和西北农林科技大学科研启动项目(Z1090121100)资助。

Research advances in critical transition and its ecological mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystems.

ZHANG Tian-you¹, CHEN Zhi^2,3, WEN Zhong-ming¹, YU Gui-rui^2,3*

¹College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
³College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-09-16 Accepted:2021-12-09 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着气候变化和人类活动对陆地生态系统双重扰动的不断加剧,越来越多的研究已经意识到生态系统结构和功能会发生难以预知的突变,并且恢复起来需要很长时间。开发判别典型生态系统临界转换的早期预警模型及理解其生态学机制成为生态学研究的热点。目前,基于跨越多个时空尺度的理论和实验研究,提出了多种预警陆地生态系统临界转换的理论框架和指标体系。为了更深入理解和构建预警生态系统临界转换的理论框架,本文从临界转换的理论方法及生态学过程机制两方面梳理了生态系统临界转换的研究进展。研究认为,突变理论和临界慢化理论是预测和预警生态系统状态转换的基础理论方法;自组织理论和反馈机制是塑造生态系统多稳态的核心生态学机制。理解生物与环境多要素之间的级联关系网络,明确生态系统关键参数的输入与输出变量之间的平衡关系及作用机制,是构建生态系统临界转换的理论框架和模型的基础。这些理论认知可为生态系统灾变预警、生态修复及环境治理等研究提供参考。

关键词: 陆地生态系统, 突变理论, 临界转换, 多稳态, 自组织, 反馈作用

Abstract: With the exacerbating disturbances of climate changes and human activities to terrestrial ecosystems, more and more studies realize that ecosystems are at the risk of shifts without warning in structural and functional states and recovery from perturbations require more time. Developing an early warning model to identify critical transition and understanding its ecological mechanism of typical ecosystems have become hotspot in ecological researches. At present, based on theoretical and experimental researches across multiple spatiotemporal scales, a variety of theoretical frameworks and indicators of early warning signals (EWSs) were proposed to signal terrestrial ecosystem critical transition. Here, in order to more thoroughly understand and construct theoretical frameworks and indicators of early warning signals, we reviewed advances in critical transitions from aspects of theoretical methods and processing mechanisms. Catastrophe theory and critical slowing down (CSD) are the two basic theories for early-warning ecosystem state transitions. Self-organization and feedback mechanisms are the primary ecological mechanisms to shape alternative stable state. Understanding cascade effects networks (CENet) among biological and environmental elements, and clarifying the equilibrium relationships between input and output of key ecosystem parameters are theoretical foundation of critical transition model. These theoretical cognitions could provide useful references to early warning of ecosystem disasters, ecological environment management and restoration.

Key words: terrestrial ecosystem, catastrophe theory, critical transition, alternative stable state, self-organization, feedback mechanism

张添佑, 陈智, 温仲明, 于贵瑞. 陆地生态系统临界转换理论及其生态学机制研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 613-622.

ZHANG Tian-you, CHEN Zhi, WEN Zhong-ming, YU Gui-rui. Research advances in critical transition and its ecological mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystems.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 613-622.

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陆地生态系统临界转换理论及其生态学机制研究进展

Research advances in critical transition and its ecological mechanisms of terrestrial ecosystems.

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