上海地表热环境演变趋势城乡分异及其对城市更新的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 快速而广泛的城市化过程对城市热环境产生了深刻影响,全面了解城市化进程如何影响城市热环境演变及其趋势差异对于城市生态安全、环境质量及居民健康等具有重要意义。本研究基于MODIS Aqua卫星2002—2020年夏季逐日白天地表温度产品,结合遥感植被指数和不透水面覆盖信息,使用归一化地表温度和热岛比例系数作为地表热环境衡量指标,利用M-K趋势检验和解释度分析,探究上海市城市化进程中夏季地表热环境演变趋势的城乡差异及其对城市空间更新的响应。结果表明: 2002—2020年,上海市地表温度线性增长率为0.09 ℃·a^-1,热岛比例系数呈先上升(2002—2010年)后下降(2010—2020年)的变化趋势。上海市夏季平均地表温度总体呈现中心城区>新城区>农郊区的特征。2002—2020年,1.6%的区域表现出显著降温趋势,其中54.0%分布在中心城区;39.5%的区域表现为显著增温趋势,其中77.6%分布在新城区。上海高度城市化的中心城区出现集中的显著降温区域,而在其他区域尤其是新城区表现为显著增温趋势。上海从城市扩张向城市空间更新的转变是中心城区出现集中显著降温区域的主要原因,中心城区近20%的区域表现为植被覆盖显著增加,不透水面和植被对热环境的影响几乎一致,表明在高度城市化发展地区开展聚集植被或分散不透水面等城市空间更新项目,是有效改善城市人居热环境的重要方式和手段。

关键词: 热环境, 地表温度, 城市更新, 下垫面变化, 城乡差异, 上海

Abstract: The rapid and extensive urbanization has profound impacts on urban thermal environment. It is of great significance to comprehensively understand how urbanization affects the evolution of urban thermal environment for urban ecological safety, environmental quality, and residents’ health. Based on daily land surface temperature (LST) products of MODIS Aqua satellite in the summer of 2002-2020, we investigated the evolution of urban-rural differences in surface summer thermal environment in Shanghai during 2002-2020 and its response to urban spatial renewal. We used normalized land surface temperature (NLST) and urban heat island ratio index (URI) as the surface thermal environment measurement indicators, by combining vegetation index and impervious surface cove-rage, and used M-K trend analysis and interpretation analysis. The results showed that the linear growth rate of LST in Shanghai was 0.09 ℃·a^-1 (2002-2020), and that URI showed a trend of first increasing (2002-2010) and then decreasing (2010-2020). The mean summer LST was generally in the order of urban core>suburban>rural. 1.6% of the areas showed a significant cooling trend, of which 54.0% were distributed in the urban core. 39.5% of the regions showed a significant warming trend, of which 77.6% were distributed in the suburban. In general, there were concentrated significant cooling areas in the highly urbanized urban areas, while there was a significant warming trend in the suburban. The transformation from urban expansion to urban renewal was the main reason for the emergence of concentrated and significant cooling areas in the urban. Nearly 20% of the urban area showed a signi-ficant increase of vegetation coverage. Urban renewal projects such as gathering vegetation or dispersing impervious surfaces in highly urbanized areas are important ways to effectively improve the urban residential thermal environment.

Key words: thermal environment, land surface temperature, urban renewal, underlying surface change, urban-rural difference, Shanghai

赵铖钰, 张淑怡, 朱泓恺, 谷璇, 刘敏. 上海地表热环境演变趋势城乡分异及其对城市更新的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1923-1931.

ZHAO Chengyu, ZHANG Shuyi, ZHU Hongkai, GU Xuan, LIU Min. Differences in the evolution of urban and rural surface thermal environment and their responses to urban renewal in Shanghai, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(7): 1923-1931.

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