玉米间作花生体系中玉米“源-库”特性对CO2浓度升高和施磷的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确大气CO₂浓度升高(e[CO₂])对玉米与花生间作体系中玉米“源-库”特性的影响,本试验以环境CO₂浓度(a[CO₂])为对照,分别在0(P₀)和180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2(P₁₈₀)两个磷水平下,分析了e[CO₂]下间作玉米的叶“源”量、气体交换参数、群体“源”生产能力、“库”容量、粒/叶、产量和间作优势。结果表明: 与a[CO₂]相比,e[CO₂]提高了间作玉米的叶“源”量和“源”活性,显著增强了群体“源”生产能力;最大花丝数、实际结籽数和有效“库”容分别增加了8.0%～9.3%、10.0%～13.4%和10.4%～20.8%,籽粒平均干物质积累速率显著提高了10.7%～50.4%;粒/叶和收获指数分别增大了3.3%～7.4%和2.4%～7.9%;间作玉米产量和间作优势分别提高了10.8%～48.7%和20.4%～102.7%。施磷能进一步改善间作玉米的“源-库”关系,提高间作玉米产量,增加间作优势。综上,e[CO₂]可增强间作玉米“源”的性能,增大“库”容,促进籽粒灌浆,协调“源-库”关系,从而提高间作产量和偏土地当量比,增加间作优势。

关键词: 玉米间作花生, CO₂浓度升高, “源”特性, “库”特性, 间作优势

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the impacts of elevating CO₂ concentration (e[CO₂]) on maize “source-sink” characteristics in maize intercropping with peanut system. We investigated the impacts of e[CO₂] on leaf “source” quantity, gas exchange parameters, population “source” productivity, “sink” capacity, grain to leaf ratio, yield and intercropping advantage of maize under 0 (P₀) and 180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2(P₁₈₀). The results showed that compared with ambient CO₂ concentration (a[CO₂]), e[CO₂] augmented leaf “source” quantity and “source” activity of intercropping maize, and significantly increased productivity of population “source”. The silk maximum number, actual seed number and effective “sink” capacity were increased by 8.0%-9.3%, 10.0%-13.4%, and 10.4%-20.8%, respectively. Concurrently, the average dry matter accumulation rate of grains was significantly increased by 10.7%-50.4%. The grain to leaf ratio and harvest index were increased by 3.3%-7.4% and 2.4%-7.9%, respectively. The yield and intercropping advantage were increased by 10.8%-48.7% and 20.4%-102.7%, respectively. Under e[CO₂], phosphorus application could further improve the “source-sink” relationship and maize yield, and increase the intercropping advantage. In summary, e[CO₂] enhanced the “source” performance and “sink” capacity of intercropping maize, promoted grain filling, regulated the “source-sink” relationship, enhanced yield, and thus increased the intercropping advantage.

Key words: maize intercropping with peanut, elevated CO₂ concentration, “source” characteristics, “sink” cha-racteristics, intercropping advantage

朱晨旭, 郑宾, 王笑笑, 汪江涛, 刘涵, 丁迪, 刘领, 付国占, 焦念元. 玉米间作花生体系中玉米“源-库”特性对CO₂浓度升高和施磷的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(11): 3043-3052.

ZHU Chenxu, ZHENG Bin, WANG Xiaoxiao, WANG Jiangtao, LIU Han, DING Di, LIU Ling, FU Guozhan, JIAO Nianyuan. Response of intercropped maize “source-sink” characteristics to elevated CO₂ concentration and phospho-rus application in maize intercropping with peanut system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(11): 3043-3052.

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玉米间作花生体系中玉米“源-库”特性对CO₂浓度升高和施磷的响应

Response of intercropped maize “source-sink” characteristics to elevated CO₂ concentration and phospho-rus application in maize intercropping with peanut system

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