机动车道布设对城市街谷尾气污染物输运扩散影响的模拟

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 671-681.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202503.023

• 城市气候与城市设计专栏(专栏策划：何宝杰) • 上一篇下一篇

机动车道布设对城市街谷尾气污染物输运扩散影响的模拟

刘稳^1,2,3, 黄正东^1,2,3*, 詹庆明⁴, 张宏亮⁵, 赵福云⁵, 郭仁忠^1,2,3

¹深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院智慧城市研究院, 广东深圳 518060;
²亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室, 广东深圳 518060;
³粤港澳智慧城市联合实验室, 广东深圳 518060;
⁴武汉大学城市设计学院, 武汉 430072;
⁵武汉大学动力与机械学院, 武汉 430072

收稿日期:2024-08-09 接受日期:2025-01-02 出版日期:2025-03-18 发布日期:2025-05-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: zdhuang@szu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘稳, 男, 1991年生, 博士。主要从事气候适应性规划研究。E-mail: liuw@szu.edu.cn
基金资助:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金青年基金项目(2023A1515110097)、深圳市稳定支持计划重点项目(20220809120650001)和中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2023M732353)

Numerical modeling of the effects of motor vehicle lanes layout on the transport and dispersion of exhaust pollutants in urban street canyons

LIU Wen^1,2,3, HUANG Zhengdong^1,2,3*, ZHAN Qingming⁴, ZHANG Hong-liang⁵, ZHAO Fuyun⁵, GUO Renzhong^1,2,3

¹Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China;
³Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China;
⁴School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
⁵School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Received:2024-08-09 Accepted:2025-01-02 Online:2025-03-18 Published:2025-05-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握机动车道布设对城市街道峡谷内空气质量的影响规律,本研究利用计算流体力学模拟方法,构建了不同车道布设方式下城市街谷内交通尾气污染物输运扩散的数值模型,研究了机动车道布设数量及位置对城市街谷内交通尾气污染物分布及扩散的影响。结果表明: 机动车道布设数量及其位置对城市街谷内交通尾气污染物的分布及扩散过程具有重要影响,但其对不同气流结构城市街谷的影响存在显著差异;不同车道布设方案下浅街谷内的空气质量均明显优于深街谷,浅街谷内背风侧的空气品质均差于迎风侧,而深街谷内背、迎风侧的空气品质会因车道布设位置不同而有所变化;调整机动车道布设数量及其位置不仅可以影响城市街谷内交通尾气污染物空间分布的均匀性,还可在一定程度上促进城市街谷内交通尾气污染物的扩散稀释,从而改善其空气环境品质;控制通行车道数量、使车道靠近上游建筑,有利于改善浅街谷内行人活动高度处及其迎风侧的空气污染水平,而增加通行车道数量、使车道靠近下游建筑,有利于降低深街谷内背风侧行人高度处的空气污染风险。研究结果可为城市街谷空气污染的数值建模和改善应对提供科学参考。

关键词: 街道峡谷, 计算流体力学模拟, 车道布设, 污染扩散, 行人活动区域

Abstract: To reveal the impacts of motor vehicle lane layout on street-canyon air quality, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations to construct models for the transport and diffusion of traffic exhaust pollutants in urban street canyons under different lane layouts, and investigated the effects of the lane number and location on the distribution and diffusion of traffic exhaust pollutants in urban street canyons. The results showed that the number and location of motor vehicle lanes significantly affected the distribution and dispersion of pollutants in urban street canyons, but such impacts depended on the in-canyon airflow structure. Air quality within shallow street canyons was generally better than that of deep street canyons. Furthermore, air quality on the leeward side of shallow canyons was poorer than that on the windward side, whereas the spatial heterogeneity of air pollutant distribution in deep canyons differed due to the location of motor vehicle lanes. The configuration of motor vehicle lanes could change the spatial homogeneity of pollutant distribution within urban street canyons and promote the diffusion and removal of traffic exhaust pollutants, and consequently improve the in-canyon air quality. Controlling the number of lanes and placing them closer to the upstream building facilitated the improvement of air quality at the pedestrian level and on the windward side in shallow street canyons. Increasing the number of lanes and locating them nearer to the downstream building could reduce pedestrian-level air pollution risks at the leeward side in deep street canyons. Our findings could provide a scientific reference for numerical modeling of pollutant dispersion in street canyons and help develop urban design strategies for enhancing in-canyon air quality.

Key words: street canyon, computational fluid dynamics simulation, motor vehicle lane layout, pollutant dispersion, pedestrian area

刘稳, 黄正东, 詹庆明, 张宏亮, 赵福云, 郭仁忠. 机动车道布设对城市街谷尾气污染物输运扩散影响的模拟[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(3): 671-681.

LIU Wen, HUANG Zhengdong, ZHAN Qingming, ZHANG Hong-liang, ZHAO Fuyun, GUO Renzhong. Numerical modeling of the effects of motor vehicle lanes layout on the transport and dispersion of exhaust pollutants in urban street canyons[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(3): 671-681.

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机动车道布设对城市街谷尾气污染物输运扩散影响的模拟

Numerical modeling of the effects of motor vehicle lanes layout on the transport and dispersion of exhaust pollutants in urban street canyons

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