昼夜变温对草地螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确昼(L)夜(D)变温环境对农业重大迁飞害虫草地螟生长发育和繁殖的影响,本研究依据年龄-龄期两性生命表理论计算了L16∶D8光周期下3个恒温(22、25、28 ℃)和3个昼夜变温(L25.5 ℃∶D15 ℃,日均温22 ℃,Ⅰ;L30 ℃∶D15 ℃,日均温25 ℃,Ⅱ;L34.5 ℃∶D15 ℃,日均温28 ℃,Ⅲ)处理草地螟的种群生命表参数,并基于这些参数预测了未来100 d内的种群动态。结果表明: 与恒温22和25 ℃相比,昼夜变温Ⅰ和Ⅱ处理下草地螟蛹历期分别显著缩短3.0%、5.5%,产卵量分别显著提高了31.3%、31.1%。与恒温22 ℃处理相比,昼夜变温Ⅰ处理下草地螟幼虫历期显著缩短8.6%,且种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率以及净增殖率达最大值,分别为0.076 d^-1、1.078 d^-1和34.82。昼夜变温下幼虫的存活率、蛹重、初羽化成虫体重都低于对应恒温处理。草地螟在昼夜变温Ⅲ处理下可以完成整个生活史,但存活率只有2.6%。恒温处理下草地螟成虫产卵前期随温度的升高而缩短,平均缩短0.30 d·℃^-1,而昼夜变温处理下成虫产卵前期随温度升高先延长再变短,其中处理Ⅱ最长,达到5.36 d。因此,适宜的昼夜变温可以加快草地螟的生长发育速率并提高繁殖力,更有利于草地螟种群适合度的提高,而日间极端高温不利于草地螟种群发生。

关键词: 昼夜变温, 草地螟, 发育历期, 繁殖, 两性生命表

Abstract: To clarify the effects of daily temperature fluctuation on the growth, development, and reproduction of a migratory agricultural pest, Loxostege sticticalis, we calculated its life-table parameters under a photoperiod of L16:D8 with three daily constant temperatures (22, 25, 28 ℃) and three daily fluctuating temperatures (L25.5 ℃:D15 ℃ with a mean of 22 ℃, Ⅰ; L30 ℃:D15 ℃ with a mean of 25 ℃, Ⅱ; L34.5 ℃:D15 ℃ with a mean of 28 ℃, Ⅲ) by using the theory of two-sex life table. We predicted population dynamics of L. sticticalis in the following 100 days. Compared to daily constant temperatures of 22 ℃ and 25 ℃, the pupal duration of L. sticticalis under fluctuating temperature regimes Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly shortened by 3.0% and 5.5%, while egg production was significantly increased by 31.3% and 31.1%, respectively. Compared to the constant temperature of 22 ℃, fluctuating temperature regime Ⅰ significantly shortened the larval duration by 8.6%, and the population reached its maximum intrinsic rate of increase (r=0.076 d^-1), finite rate of increase (λ=1.078 d^-1), and net reproductive rate (R₀=34.82). Larval survival rate, pupal weight, and body weight of new adult under daily fluctuating temperatures were all lower than those under the corresponding daily constant temperature treatments. Additionally, only 2.6% of L. sticticalis completed life cycle under fluctuating temperature regime Ⅲ. Under daily constant temperature treatments, the adult pre-oviposition period of L. sticticalis was shortened with increasing temperature, averaging a reduction of 0.30 d·℃^-1. Under daily fluctuating temperature, the adult pre-oviposition period of L. sticticalis initially increased and then decreased with rising temperature, among which treatment Ⅱ exhibiting the longest period (5.36 days). We concluded that daily temperature fluctuation could increase the growth and development rate and enhance fecundity and fitness of L. sticticali. The extreme daytime temperature is not conducive to the occurrence of the L. sticticalis population.

Key words: daily fluctuating temperature, Loxostege sticticalis, developmental stage, reproduction, two-sex life table

徐尊, 周婧娴, 李戴敬, 吕长宁, 艾丽菲拉·阿不力米提, 万贵钧, 陈法军. 昼夜变温对草地螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(8): 2497-2505.

XU Zun, ZHOU Jingxian, LI Daijing, LYU Changning, AILIFEILA Abulimiti, WAN Guijun, CHEN Fajun. Effects of daily temperature fluctuation on the growth, development, and reproduction of Loxostege sticticalis[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(8): 2497-2505.

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