经济学思想和方法在行为生态学中的应用

应用生态学报 ›› 1991, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (4): 367-372.

经济学思想和方法在行为生态学中的应用

尚玉昌

北京大学生物系, 北京 100871

收稿日期:1990-01-08 出版日期:1991-10-25 发布日期:1991-10-25

Application of economical ideas and methods in behavioural ecology

Shang Yuchang

Department of Biology, Beijing University, Beijing 100871

Received:1990-01-08 Online:1991-10-25 Published:1991-10-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从经济学观点看,动物的任何一种行为都是一种投资,同时又能获得一定的收益。进化和自然选择将趋于使动物行为的净收益增至最大,这种思想也是组建行为生态学最适模型的基础。如果为海滨蟹提供各种大小不同的贻贝任其选食的话,那么它所选食的贻贝大小往往能使它得到最大的能量净收益。为了精确地计算捕食者应当吃多少不同大小的食物,就需要建立一个最适模型。当动物领域行为的收益大于投资时,自然选择就会促进这种行为的产生和发展,而最佳领域大小则可借助于建立经济模型进行预测。将饥饿风险降至最小的原则可应用于动物的觅食决策。绒斑啄木鸟在觅食时可利用它们所收集的信息使其食物摄取率达到最大。

关键词: 投资-效益分析, 最适模型, 饥饿风险, 取样行为

Abstract: Animal's behaviour can be reiewed as having eosts and benefits, and animals should be designed by natural selection to maximize net benefit. This economic idea can be used as a basis for formulating optimality models in behavioural ecology. When shore crabs are given a choice of different sized mussels, they prefer the size which gives them the highest rate of energy return. In order to calculate exactly how many different sizes should be eaten, it's need to develop an optimality model. Territorial behaviour should be favoured by selection whenever the benefits are greater than the costs. Optimal territorial size can be also predicted by building an economic model. The basic principle that animals minimize the risk of starvation can be applied to foraging decisions. Downy woodpeckers can use the gleaned information while foraging in order to maximize their food-intaking rate.

Key words: Analysis of costs and benefits, Optimality models, Risk of starvation, Sampling behaviour

尚玉昌. 经济学思想和方法在行为生态学中的应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 1991, 2(4): 367-372.

Shang Yuchang . Application of economical ideas and methods in behavioural ecology[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1991, 2(4): 367-372.

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