UV-B辐射增强对水稻生长发育及其产量形成的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在盆栽条件下,研究UV-B辐射(280～320nm)增强对3个不同类型水稻品种(组合)的生长发育及其产量构成的影响.结果表明,UV-B辐射增强明显抑制水稻生长,使株高变矮、分蘖数减少、叶面积和干物质量下降,但其抑制程度依品种、水稻所处的生长阶段的不同而不同.株高在苗期下降幅度最大,为9.4%～12.2%;干物质量在分蘖期下降幅度最大,地下部和地上部干物质量分别下降45.3%～59.8%、54.9%～59.0%.增强的UV-B辐射使水稻主茎不同叶位的出叶时间延迟,生育期延长.汕优63、南川、IR6560085的抽穗时间分别比对照延迟2d、3d和7d,成熟期分别推迟3d、4d和9d.UV-B辐射增强明显降低水稻叶片的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,叶片叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学参数Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo下降.与对照相比,汕优63、南川、IR_65600-85叶片的净光合速率分别下降了11.9%、12.8%、29.7%.UV-B辐射增强使水稻每株有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重下降,最终导致水稻籽粒产量下降25.2%～31.1%.

关键词: 水稻, 紫外线B(UV-B), 生长, 产量

Abstract: Effect of enhanced ultraviolet-Bradiation (280～320nm) on growth, development and yield formation in the three rice cultivars (Oryza stativa L.) under pot condition were investigated. The results showed that enhanced ultraviolet-Bradiation decreased rice height, tiller number, total leaf area and biomass, but the inhibitory rate varied in different cultivars and developmental stages. Plant height was decreased by 9.4%～12.2% in seedling stage, plant shoot and root of dry matter were decreased by 45.3%～59.8% and 54.9%～59.0% respectively in tillering period.The leaf emergence delayed, resulting in delayed time of flowering in Shanyou 63, Nanchuan and IR_65600-85 by 2d,3d and 7d,prolonged total growth period by 3d,4d and 9d.Net photosynthesis rate of Shanyou 63,Nanchuan and IR_65600-85 were decreased by 11.9%, 12.8% and 29.7%, respectively. Attributed to decreased contents of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid and induction kinetics parameters of Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo. Effective panicle per plant, total grain number per panicle, filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight were decreased by enhanced UV-B radiation. Consequently the grain yields were reduced by 25.2%～31.1%.

中图分类号:

S511

唐莉娜, 林文雄, 吴杏春, 梁义元, 陈芳育. UV-B辐射增强对水稻生长发育及其产量形成的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (10): 1278-1282.

TANG Lina, LIN Wenxiong, WU Xingchun, LIANG Yiyuan, CHEN Fangyu . [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (10): 1278-1282.

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