祁连山典型高山灌丛树干茎流特征

应用生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (08): 1975-1981.

祁连山典型高山灌丛树干茎流特征

刘章文1,2,3,陈仁升1,2**,宋耀选1,2

1中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站，兰州 730000；2中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室，兰州 730000；3中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049

出版日期:2011-08-18 发布日期:2011-08-18

Characteristics of stemflow for typical alpine shrubs in Qilian Mountain.

LIU Zhang-wen1,2,3, CHEN Ren-sheng1,2, SONG Yao-xuan1,2

1Heihe Upstream Watershed Ecology-Hydrology Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Online:2011-08-18 Published:2011-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2010年6—10月，对祁连山中段托勒南山金露梅、高山柳、沙棘和鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛树干茎流进行试验观测，研究了高山灌丛树干茎流特征，以及降雨和冠层结构对灌丛树干茎流的影响.结果表明：灌丛产生树干茎流需要2.1 mm的前期降雨量；金露梅、高山柳、沙棘和鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛树干茎流率分别为3.4%、3.2%、8.0%和4.2%，树干茎流量与降雨量之间成显著正线性相关；随着雨量级的增加，树干茎流率呈增加-减少-增加的趋势；4种灌丛茎干集流率分别为59、30、110和49，树干茎流对根际区水分补给作用明显；灌丛树干茎流率与最大10 min雨强（I₁₀）呈指数关系，当I₁₀>6.0 mm·h^-1时，高山柳和沙棘树干茎流率继续增大，而金露梅和高山柳树干茎流率趋于稳定；冠层结构对树干茎流的影响较复杂，相同降雨条件下，株高和投影面积是祁连山高山灌丛树干茎流的主要影响因子.

关键词: 树干茎流, 集流率, 灌丛, 祁连山

Abstract: Taking the typical alpine shrubs Potentilla fruticosa, Salix cupularis, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Caragana jubata in Qilian Mountain as test objects, a field investigation from June 1 to October 31, 2010 was conducted on the variation characteristics of the shrub stemflow, and analyzed the affecting effects of rainfall intensity and canopy structure morphology. The stemflow generated when the rainfall in early period was 2.1 mm, with an average of 3.4%, 3.2%, 8.0%, and 4.2% of the gross rainfall for P. fruticosa, S. cupularis, H. rhamnoides, and C. jubata, respectively. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the stemflow and rainfall intensity. With increasing rainfall, the stemflow percentage showed a trend of increase-decrease-increase. Stemflow played an important role in supplying water to the shrub rhizosphere, and the average funneling ratio was 59, 30, 110, and 49 for P. fruticosa, S. cupularis, H. rhamnoides, and C. jubata, respectively. The stemflow percentage had a significant exponential relationship with the maximum rain intensity in 10 minutes (I₁₀). When the I₁₀ was more than 6.0 mm·h^-1, the stemflow of H. rhamnoides and C. jubata showed a persistently increasing trend, while that of P. fruticosa and S. cupularis tended to be stable. Canopy structure morphology had complicated effects on the stemflow. In the same rainfall intensities, the height and crown projection area of the shrubs were the important factors affecting the generation of stemflow.

Key words: stemflow, funneling ratio, shrub, Qilian Mountain

刘章文,陈仁升,宋耀选. 祁连山典型高山灌丛树干茎流特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(08): 1975-1981.

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