不同灌溉畦长对小麦光合特性、干物质积累及水分利用效率的影响

应用生态学报

不同灌溉畦长对小麦光合特性、干物质积累及水分利用效率的影响

马尚宇¹,于振文¹,石玉^1**,赵俊晔²,张永丽¹

(¹山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018; ²中国农业科学院农业信息研究所, 北京 100081)

出版日期:2014-04-18 发布日期:2014-04-18

Effects of field border length for irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency of wheat.

MA Shang-yu¹, YU Zhen-wen¹, SHI Yu¹, ZHAO Jun-ye², ZHANG Yong-li^1

(¹Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China; ²Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

Online:2014-04-18 Published:2014-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以高产冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,研究不同灌溉畦长对小麦旗叶水势、光合特性和干物质积累与分配的影响.2010—2011年小麦生长季设置畦长为10(L₁₀)、20(L₂₀)、40(L₄₀)、60(L₆₀)、80(L₈₀)和100 m(L₁₀₀)的6个处理,2011—2012年和2012—2013年设置畦长为40(L₄₀)、60(L₆₀)、80(L₈₀)和100 m(L₁₀₀)的4个处理.结果表明: 2010—2011年生长季开花期0～200 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量为L₈₀、L₆₀>L₁₀₀>L₄₀>L₂₀>L₁₀,2011—2012年和2012—2013年为L₈₀、L₆₀>L₁₀₀>L₄₀.开花后11 d和21 d,旗叶水势、净光合速率和蒸腾速率均为L₈₀、L₁₀₀>L₆₀>L₄₀>L₂₀、L₁₀;花后31 d为L₈₀>L₆₀、L₁₀₀>L₄₀、L₂₀、L₁₀.L₈₀各区间开花期和成熟期干物质积累量及籽粒产量变异系数小于L₁₀₀,平均干物质积累量及开花后干物质积累量和对籽粒产量的贡献率显著高于L₁₀₀、L₄₀、L₂₀和L₁₀,平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,是本试验条件下节水高产的最优畦长处理.

Abstract: With the high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test material, a three-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of border length for irrigation on flag leaf water potential, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution of wheat. In the 2010-2011 growing season, six treatments were installed, i.e., the field border length was designed as 10 m (L₁₀), 20 m (L₂₀), 40 m (L₄₀), 60 m (L₆₀), 80 m (L₈₀) and 100 m (L₁₀₀). In the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons, the field border length was designed as 40 m (L₄₀), 60 m (L₆₀), 80 m (L₈₀) and 100 m (L₁₀₀). The results showed that the average relative soil water content of the 0-200 cm soil layer was presented as L₈₀, L₆₀>L₁₀₀>L₄₀>L₂₀>L₁₀ at anthesis in the 2010-2011 growing season and as L₈₀, L₆₀>L₁₀₀>L₄₀ in the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. At 11 d and 21 d after anthesis, the water potential, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of flag leaf were presented as L₈₀, L₁₀₀>L₆₀>L₄₀>L₂₀, L₁₀, and as L₈₀>L₆₀, L₁₀₀>L₄₀, L₂₀, L₁₀ at 31 d after anthesis. The coefficients of variability both of the dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity and of grain yield in different regions of L₈₀ field were lower than those of L₁₀₀. The average dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and the contribution to grain of L₈₀ were dramatically higher than those of L₁₀₀, L₄₀, L₂₀ and L₁₀. L₈₀ had the highest average grain yield and water use efficiency, being the best treatment for irrigation in our study.

马尚宇1,于振文1,石玉1**,赵俊晔2,张永丽1. 不同灌溉畦长对小麦光合特性、干物质积累及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

MA Shang-yu1, YU Zhen-wen1, SHI Yu1, ZHAO Jun-ye2, ZHANG Yong-li1. Effects of field border length for irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency of wheat.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.