不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素对土壤氮素和酶活性及玉米产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.021

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 129-138.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.021

不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素对土壤氮素和酶活性及玉米产量的影响

武鹏^1,2, 王玉凤^1,2, 张翼飞^1,2, 陈天宇^1,2, 杨丽^1,2, 薛盈文^1,2, 杨克军^1,2*

¹黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319;
²黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室, 黑龙江大庆 163319

收稿日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: byndykj@163.com
作者简介:武鹏, 男, 1993年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事玉米栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: 815320741@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300502, 2018YFD0300101)、黑龙江农垦总局重点项目(HNK135-02)、黑龙江八一农垦大学博士启动基金(DB2011-16)和黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新体系

Effects of slow-release urea combined with common urea application layered in different soil depths on soil nitrogen, enzyme activity, and maize yield

WU Peng^1,2, WANG Yu-feng^1,2, ZHANG Yi-fei^1,2, CHEN Tian-yu^1,2, YANG Li^1,2, XUE Ying-wen^1,2, YANG Ke-jun^1,2*

¹College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China;
²Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2019-02-20 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15
Contact: E-mail: byndykj@163.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0300502, 2018YFD0300101), the Key Project of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau (HNK135-02), the Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Doctor Start-up Fund (DB2011-16) and the Heilongjiang Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Collaborative Innovation System.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过2017—2018两年田间试验,研究了不同土层深度配施缓释(PCU)/普通尿素(PU)对0～30 cm土层土壤无机氮含量、酶活性和玉米产量的影响。试验设置不施氮肥(CK)、普通尿素一次施肥(PU₁,5～10 cm土层)、普通尿素传统两次施肥(PU₂,5～10 cm土层,60%种肥+40%追肥)、普通尿素一次分层施肥(PU₃,5～10 cm土层20%N+15～20 cm土层30%N+25～30 cm土层50%N)、不同土层深度缓释/普通尿素配施[PCU₁～PCU₄,均为5～10 cm土层20%N(普通尿素)+15～20 cm土层30%N(配施)+25～30 cm土层50%N(配施),其中PCU₁～PCU₄的15～20和25～30 cm土层PCU:PU分别为3:7、3:7,5:5、5:5, 3:7、5:5, 5:5、3:7]共8个处理。结果表明: 与CK相比,PU₁能够满足玉米生育前期对0～10 cm土层氮素的需求,PU₂和PU₃能够满足玉米发育前期对10～30 cm土层氮素的需求,不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素能够满足玉米整个生育时期对氮素的需求。与PU₁～PU₃相比,不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素可显著增加灌浆期和成熟期10～20和20～30 cm土层NO₃^--N、NH₄⁺-N、碱解氮含量和脲酶、蛋白酶活性。与PU₃相比,不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素处理2017和2018年玉米产量分别提高2.3%～24.6%和1.3%～16.5%,PCU₄产量最高,分别达13899和12439 kg·hm^-2。因此,不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素既能满足玉米生育前期对氮素的需求,也能提高生育后期10～30 cm土层土壤无机氮含量和酶活性,促进玉米生长,增加玉米产量,其中PCU₄处理施肥方式最佳。

Abstract: We examined the effects of a combination of slow-release urea (PCU) and common urea (PU) applied at different soil depths (0-30 cm soil layer) on inorganic nitrogen content, enzyme activity, and crop yield during two years (2017-2018) in a field experiment. There were eight treatments: CK (without N fertilizer); PU₁(common urea applied at 5-10 cm deep soil layer); PU₂(common urea applied at 5-10 cm deep soil layer, 60% seed fertilizer + 40% topdressing); PU₃(20% common urea at 5-10 cm soil depth, 30% common urea at 15-20 cm soil depth, 50% common urea at 25-30 cm soil depth); PCU₁(20% total nitrogen application rate at 5-10 cm soil depth, 30% total nitrogen application rate at 15-20 cm soil depth, 50% total nitrogen application rate at 25-30 cm soil depth), the N fertilizer at 5-10 cm was common urea, but, at 15-20 and 25-30 cm, it was a combination of PCU and PU at ratios of 3:7 and 3:7; PCU₂ was as PCU₁ but the ratio of PCU and PU was 5:5 at 15-20 cm and 5:5 at 25-30 cm; in PCU₃, the ratio of PCU and PU was 3:7 at 15-20 cm and 5:5 at 25-30 cm; in PCU₄, the ratio of PCU and PU was 5:5 at 15-20 cm and 3:7 at 25-30 cm. The results showed that PU₁ could meet nitrogen demand at the 0-10 cm layer in the early growth stage compared with CK. PU₂ and PU₃ could meet nitrogen demand for 10-30 cm soil layer in the early stage of maize development. The combined application of slow release urea and common urea could meet nitrogen demand for the whole growth period of maize. In the filling and maturing period, combined application of slow release and common urea significantly increased not only NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen contents but also urease and protease activities in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers compared with PU₁-PU₃. Compared with PU₃, maize yield increased by 2.3%-24.6% and 1.3%-16.5% in the PCU₁-PCU₄ treatments in 2017 and 2018, respectively. PCU₄ had the highest yield, with 13899 and 12439 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Therefore, the combined application of slow-release and common urea at different soil layers could meet nitrogen demand in the early growth stage of maize and increase the content of inorganic nitrogen and enzyme activities in the 10-30 cm soil layers in the later growth period, which promoted the growth and increased the yield of maize. Among all the treatments PCU₄ treatment was the most effective.

武鹏, 王玉凤, 张翼飞, 陈天宇, 杨丽, 薛盈文, 杨克军. 不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素对土壤氮素和酶活性及玉米产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(1): 129-138.

WU Peng, WANG Yu-feng, ZHANG Yi-fei, CHEN Tian-yu, YANG Li, XUE Ying-wen, YANG Ke-jun. Effects of slow-release urea combined with common urea application layered in different soil depths on soil nitrogen, enzyme activity, and maize yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(1): 129-138.

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不同土层深度配施缓释/普通尿素对土壤氮素和酶活性及玉米产量的影响

Effects of slow-release urea combined with common urea application layered in different soil depths on soil nitrogen, enzyme activity, and maize yield

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