深松轮耕模式对黄土旱塬春玉米土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 秸秆覆盖深松耕能保护土壤并调节土壤结构,但长期连续深松并不能获得持续增产与培肥土壤效果。为实现持续培肥增产的目的,于2007—2016年在黄土旱塬区连作春玉米田进行了深松轮耕长期定位试验,设置免耕/翻耕/深松(NT/CT/ST)与深松/翻耕(ST/CT)轮耕处理,并以连续深松(ST)为对照,对比分析不同耕作模式对土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:与ST相比,NT/CT/ST处理机械稳定性团聚体(DR_0.25)和水稳定性团聚体(WR_0.25)较ST分别显著增加9.2%和21.9%,团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)显著增加;ST/CT处理WR_0.25显著增加了11.9%。在0～20 cm土层,NT/CT/ST和ST/CT处理土壤容重较ST分别显著降低7.0%和11.5%,土壤孔隙度分别增加8.4%和13.9%;在20～40 cm土层,ST/CT处理土壤容重增加了6.9%,土壤孔隙度降低了5.7%。NT/CT/ST比ST显著增加了土壤全氮和有机质含量,但降低了土壤全磷和全钾含量。NT/CT/ST处理玉米籽粒产量多年平均值较ST/CT和ST分别提高4.8%和10.2%。DR_0.25、WR_0.25、土壤全氮、有机碳含量均与产量呈显著正相关,说明深松轮耕模式提高了DR_0.25、WR_0.25、土壤全氮、有机碳含量,有利于玉米籽粒产量提高。综合考虑土壤肥力和玉米产量,NT/CT/ST处理有利于培肥土壤,提高土壤结构稳定性,并且可获得较高的玉米产量,为推荐轮耕模式。

Abstract: Straw mulching and subsoiling can protect soil and improve soil structure. However, long-term continuous subsoiling cannot continuously gain yield increasing and soil improvement. To realize continuous soil improvement and yield enhancement, a long-term experiment on subsoiling alternation patterns was carried out with spring maize continuous cropping in the Loess Plateau in 2007-2016. The subsoiling alternation patterns were no-tillage/conventional tillage/subsoiling (NT/CT/ST) and subsoiling/conventional tillage (ST/CT), with continuous subsoiling (ST) as control. We analyzed the effects of the different patterns on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield. The results showed that, compared with the ST, the mechanical-stable aggregates (DR_0.25) and water-stable aggregates (WR_0.25) in NT/CT/ST were significantly increased by 9.2% and 21.9%, with the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometrical mean diameter (GMD) being significantly increased. The WR_0.25 in ST/CT was significantly increased by 11.9%. In 0-20 cm soil layer, soil bulk density in NT/CT/ST and ST/CT decreased by 7.0% and 11.5%, and soil porosity increased by 8.4% and 13.9%, respectively. In 20-40 cm soil layer, soil bulk density in ST/CT increased by 6.9%, and soil porosity decreased by 5.7%. In the NT/CT/ST, soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents significantly increased, but soil total phosphorus and total potassium contents reduced. The multi-year average grain yield of spring maize in NT/CT/ST was 10.2% higher than ST and 4.8% higher than ST/CT. The DR_0.25, WR_0.25, soil total nitrogen content and soil organic carbon content were all positively correlated with maize yield, indicating such changes faci-litated corn grain yield. Considering the effects on soil fertility and corn yield, the NT/CT/ST model was conducive to soil fertility, soil structural stability and higher maize yield.

张琦, 王浩, 王淑兰, 张元红, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 深松轮耕模式对黄土旱塬春玉米土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 459-466.

ZHANG Qi, WANG Hao, WANG Shu-lan, ZHANG Yuan-hong, WANG Rui, WANG Xiao-li, LI Jun. Effects of tillage alternation pattern with subsoiling on soil physical and chemical properties and spring maize yield in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(2): 459-466.

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